-NRLF 


A  Cartoon  History 

of 

Roosevelt's  Career 


Copyr?irh.',  1904,'by  the  Review  of  Reviews  Company,  New  York 

Theodore  Roosevelt  in  1904 

This  portrait,  taken  in  the  year  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  election  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States, 
'  .  *  is  one  of  his  best  photographs 


A  Cartoon  History 

|||i   of 

Roosevelt's  Career 


Illustrated  by  Six  Hundred  and  Thirty  Contemporary 
Cartoons  and  Many  Other  Pictures 


By  Albert  Shaw 

\\ 


New  York: 

The  Review  of  Reviews  Company 

Publishers 


£757 


Copyright.  1910,  by 
THE   REVIEW   OF    REVIEWS   COMPANY 


PREFACE 


IT  has  long  been  my  custom  to  make  note  of  political  cartoons  and  caricatures  in 
the  press  of  various  countries.     It  requires,  perhaps,  some  understanding  of 
political  questions  and  personages,  and  some  acquaintance  with  the  types  and 
symbols  used  in  caricature,  to  appreciate  altogether  the  meaning  and  value  of  that 
kind  of  work.     But  when  one  has  acquired   a   certain   amount   of   knowledge   and 
familiarity  in  this  field,  he  is  sure  to  find  the  current   cartoons   very  enlightening 
as  well  as  amusing.     The  cartoonists,  indeed,  reflect  more  faithfully  the  changing 
phases  of  the  public  mind  than  do  the  writers  of  editorial  articles. 

The  political  writer  must  exercise  a  certain  dignity  and  restraint.  But  the  car 
toonist  is  a  privileged  character,  who  may  tell  the  plain,  homely  truth  as  people  see 
it  and  feel  it,  very  much  as  the  court  jester  in  olden  times  was  expected  to  take 
liberties  with  those  in  high  places  and — under  the  guise  of  quip  and  fling  and  wit 
ticism — tell  the  king  a  bit  of  direct  and  wholesome  truth.  Thus  T  have  not  hesi 
tated  to  make  constant  use,  in  reproduced  form,  of  American  and  foreign  cartoons 
from  month  to  month  in  the  Review  of  Reviews,  not  merely  because  they  are  di 
verting,  but  chiefly  because  they  frequently  express  so  much  of  fact  and  sentiment 
and  point  of  view,  in  such  telling  and  convincing  ways. 

For  a  long  time  there  were  mechanical  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  large  use  of 
illustration  in  daily  newspapers.  Pictorial  matter  of  all  kinds  was  chiefly  confined 
to  the  weekly  and  monthly  illustrated  .publications.  The  large  and  influential  use 
of  cartoons  was,  therefore,  confined  to  a  set  of  weekly  periodicals,  not  very  numer 
ous,  that  made  a  specialty  of  political  subjects.  Of  all  these,  it  is  needless  to  say 
the  most  famous  has  been  Punch,  of  London.  In  this  country  Harper's  and  Leslie's 
weeklies,  followed  by  Puck  and  Judge,  have  been  the  most  famous  and  influential 
of  the  weekly  papers  making  use  of  cartoons  in  such  a  manner  as  to  express  and 
influence  political  opinion  throughout  the  country. 

In  all  the  European  countries,  political  cartoons  have  for  many  years  been  used 
with  great  effect.  In  Germany  the  publishers  of  papers  using  cartoons  have  at 
times  been  subjected  to  a  rather  severe  censorship;  but  in  the  main  throughout 
Europe  there  is  permitted  an  extreme  freedom  of  expression  to  cartoonists  that 
would  not  be  tolerated  in  political  writers.  And  there  is  a  fierceness  of  satir^T 
and  a  malignancy  of  attack,  in  many  of  these  European  cartoons  that  would  not 
accord  with  the  kindlier  and  more  humorous  tone  of  American  cartoon  work. 

The  very  rapid  growth,  during  recent  years,  of  the  use  of  cartoons  in  the  daily 
newspapers  of  the  United  States  has  been  due  to  the  improvement  of  photo-engrav- 


VII 


925834 


ing  methods  which  permit  the  very  rapid  making  of  a  zinc-etched  block  in  repro 
duction  of  a  pen  drawing.  Thus  the  cartoon  as  drawn  this  afternoon  in  illustration 
of  the  latest  political  incident,  may  be  as  readily  printed  in  to-morrow  morning's 
paper  as  the  letter-press  itself  that  reports  the  news.  There  are  few  people  who 
realize  the  extent  to  which  inventions  of  this  kind  are  changing  the  methods  and 
character  of  the  press. 

It  is  hardly  less  remarkable,  however,  that  the  use  of  photo-engraving  in  news 
paper  offices  should  have  been  followed  so  quickly  by  the  development  of  a  great 
number  of  clever  American  cartoonists.  It  had  seemed  at  one  time  that  John  Ten- 
niel,  afterwards  knighted  in  recognition  of  the  importance  of  his  cartoon  work  in 
Punch,  could  have  no  successor  worthy  of  the  name.  But  Punch  keeps  its  hold,  and 
England  has  several  very  clever  political  cartoonists  at  this  moment.  And  it  had 
seemed  at  one  time  that  the  political  cartoon  could  have  no  future  in  America, 
after  Nast  and  his  two  or  three  contemporaries.  But  then  came  the  school  of 
Keppler  and  Gillam,  whose  marvelous  work,  printed  in  colors  by  lithography,  made 
'Puck  a  power  in  the  land,  interpreting — perhaps  better  than  any  other  newspaper 
or  periodical — the  aims  and  achievements  of  President  Cleveland.  It  was  cartoon 
ists  of  this  same  school  and  method  who,  with  similar  ability,  represented  the  Re 
publican  point  of  view  in  the  weekly  paper  called  Judge. 

Then  came  the  rise  to  influence  and  power  of  the  cartoonists  of  the  daily  press, 
the  foremost  of  these  being  the  late  Charles  G.  Bush,  for  several  years  on  the  New- 
York  Herald  and  then  for  many  years  on  the  New  York  World.  One  is  tempted 
to  run  over  the  list  of  remarkable  men  who  within  the  past  fifteen  or  twenty  years 
have  been  drawing  cartoons  for  the  American  newspapers  and  periodicals.  But 
this  volume — which  is  chiefly  theirs  rather  than  mine — shows  well  enough  my 
estimate  of  their  wit,  their  humor,  their  kindliness,  and,  above  all,  their  remark 
able  instinct  for  politics. 

Their  drawing  has  had  to  be  done  under  great  pressure;  and  some  of  the 
most  influential  and  effective  of  them  all  are  quite  defective  when  judged  from 
the  standpoint  of  draughtsmanship.  But  where  their  drawing  is  often  greatly  at 
fault  when  compared,  for  example,  with  such  a  piece  of  work  as  that  of  Bernard 
Partridge  of  Punch  on  page  75  of  this  volume,  their  cartoons  have  been  redeemed 
by  the  skill  with  which  they  expressed  their  ideas.  The  artists  of  Punch,  drawing 
perhaps  only  one  finished  cartoon  a  week,  have  a  much  better  opportunity  to  do 
good  technical  work  than  the  newspaper  cartoonists  who  often  draw  an  effective 
cartoon  each  day  for  weeks  together. 

Of  all  the  political  personages  who  have  become  familiar  in  cartoons,  no  one 
in  recent  years  has  figured  as  frequently  as  Mr.  Roosevelt.  And  we  have  no  other 
public  man  whose  career  has  been  illustrated  in  contemporary  cartoons  so  con 
tinuously,  or  for  such  a  long  time.  Mr.  Nast's  cartoons  were  drawn  on  the  blocks 
which  were  laboriously  tooled  by  the  wood-engravers.  He  did  not  waste  much 
effort  on  minor  personages.  And  Mr.  Nast's  tributes  to  Roosevelt  give  fine  testi 
mony  to  the  impression  the  young  reformer  in  the  New  York  Legislature  was 
making  upon  public  opinion  in  State  and  nation. 


via 


As  our  readers  will  discover,  we  have  been  able  to  find  striking  cartoons  that 
bear  witness,  in  each  successive  phase  of  Roosevelt's  career,  to  the  recognition 
accorded  him  at  the  moment  as  a  man  of  energy  and  leadership  who  was  taking 
hold  of  essential  problems  rather  than  giving  his  energy  to  lesser  things.  I  be 
lieve,  therefore,  that  these  cartoons,  brought  together  in  such  a  way  as  to  bear 
upon  successive  episodes  or  periods  in  Mr.  Roosevelt's  public  life,  will  be  found 
useful  as  a  contribution  to  the  political  history  of  our  own  time. 

Very  much  of  the  material  assembled  here  is  of  a  nature  so  ephemeral  that  its 
assembling  has  not  been  a  very  easy  task.  For  example,  although  the  Verdict  ran 
its  brief  but  brilliant  career  of  two  or  three  years  as  recently  as  1899-1900,  my 
own  office  file  had  disappeared,  and  it  was  not  easy  to  obtain  access  to  the  copies 
in  which  Roosevelt  as  Governor  and  Vice-Presidential  nominee  was  so  strikingly 
presented,  until  Mr.  Alfred  Henry  Lewis,  who  had  been  its  editor,  generously  lent 
his  own  personal  file.  Thus  thanks  are  also  due  to  the  Columbia  College  Library, 
the  Astor  Library,  and  to  the  editors  and  proprietors  of  Puck,  of  Judge,  of  Harper's 
Weekly,  of  Leslie's,  of  Collier's,  and  of  several  other  periodicals.  I  am  much  in 
debted  also  to  several  members  of  my  own  office  staff  for  toilsome  search  in  the 
files  of  newspapers. 

Recognition  is  due  in  this  place  to  Mr.  \Yilliam  Menkel,  of  the  editorial  office 
of  the  Review  of  Reviews,  more  than  to  any  one  else,  for  co-operation  without  which 
the  assembling  and  arrangement  of  so  much  pictorial  matter  wrould  have  been  very 
laborious  and  difficult.  There  is  such  a  thing  as  making  one  cartoon  add  to  the 
effectiveness  of  another  by  the  manner  of  their  grouping  on  the  same  page.  This 
is  also  true  of  the  contrasts  or  the  cumulative  impressions  produced  in  arrange 
ment  of  facing  pages.  To  Mr.  Menkel  I  am  much  indebted  for  help  in  all  this, — 
which,  if  it  may  seem  easy  in  the  result,  was  more  difficult  than  anything  else  in 
the  actual  doing. 

I  have  tried  to  make  the  simple  text  of  this  volume  a  clear  and  honest  interpre 
tation  of  what  Mr.  Roosevelt  has  tried  to  do  as  a  public  man,  and  the  spirit  he  has 
shown  throughout  his  career.  I  have  had  some  advantages  of  intimate  knowledge 
of  most  of  the  period  I  present  in  these  cursory  pages ;  and  this  has  included  ac 
quaintance  not  only  with  the  hero  of  the  play  but  with  most  of  the  other  people 
who  have  been  prominently  associated  with  him  upon  our  political  stage.  I  hope, 
therefore,  that  the  collection  of  cartoons  and  other  pictures,  with  the  thread  of 
text  that  binds  them  together,  may  find  some  modest  place  with  the  materials  that 
a  historian  like  Mr.  James  Ford  Rhodes,  for  example,  would  some  day  like  to  use 
as  helping  him  to  throw  into  true  historical  perspective  the  political  period  in 
which  Mr.  Roosevelt  has  been  so  notable  and  dominant  a  figure. 

ALBERT    SHAW. 
NEW  YORK,  August  22,  1910. 


IX 


CONTENTS 


Chapter  Page 

I. — His  First  Political  Experiences     -  I 

1 1. --The  Crisis  of  1884    -  7 

III.— The  Mayoralty  Fight  of  1886  14 

IV. — A  Brief  Period  of  Private  Life  17 

V. — Battling  with  the  Spoils  System  -  23 

VI. — Reforming  New  York's  Police  Work  31 

VII. — Preparing  the  Navy  for  War  35 

VIII.— The  Rough  Rider  of  1898  39 

IX. — As  Candidate  for  Governor  43 

X. — In  the  Gubernatorial  Chair  48 

XI. — Named  for  the  Vice-Presidency  55 

XII. — His  First  National  Stumping  Tour  -  64 

XIII. — A  Half- Year  as  Vice- President  70 

XIV. — Assuming  the  Presidency  -  74 

XV. — Asserting  the  Monroe  Doctrine    -  83 

XVI. — Panama, — A  New  Sister  Republic     -  91 

XVII. — The  Unanimous  Endorsement  of  His  Tarty  95 

XVIII. — The  Roosevelt-Parker  Campaign  103 

XIX.— As  Peace-Maker  and  World-Figure  115 

XX.— The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad  131 

XXI. — Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President  -     146 

XXII. — Refusing  a  Third  Term  162 

XXIII. — Helping  to  Choose  His  Successor  -     169 

XXIV. — Last  Phases  of  the  Administration   -  179 

XXV. — Stepping  Out  of  the  White  House  189 

XXVI. — The  Faunal  Naturalist  in  Africa  194 

XXVII. — Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe  -     203 

XXVIII. — His  Home-Coming  and  Welcome  225 

XXIX. — An  Ex-President  in  His  Active  Retirement  -     239 


XI 


A   Cartoon    History 
of  Roosevelt's  Career 

CHAPTER  I 

His   First  Political  Experiences 

IT  so  happened  that  Theodore  Roosevelt  became  a  national  figure  at  the  very  beginning 
of  his  public  career.  His  name  was  printed  in  newspapers  from  one  ocean  to  the  other, 

his  portrait  duly  appeared  in  the  illustrated  press,  and  he  was  conspicuous  enough  to  be 
caricatured  by  political  cartoonists  in  the  days  when  it  was  not  customary  for  the  wood  en 
gravers  to  carve  the  lineaments  of  any  except  those  who,  for  good  or  for  ill,  were  among 
the  eminent  personages  of  the  hour. 

There  might  be  some  difference  of  opinion  about  the  quality  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  mental 
endowments ;  but  there  could  never  be  any  difference  about  his  courage,  his  single-hearted 
ness,  his  concentration  upon  the  thing  in  hand,  and  the  clear,  strong,  stubborn  will  power 
to  do  his  best  under  any  given  circumstances,  and  to  see  in  any  piece  of  work,  whether 
public  or  private,  quite  sufficient  opportunity  to  justify  his  best  endeavor. 

Doubtless  some  conditions,  not  of  his  own  choosing  or  making,  have  aided  Air.  Roose 
velt  in  the  successive  onward  steps  of  his  public  career.  Rut  when  one  studies  the  case 
thoroughly,  one  must  admit  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  has  made  his  own  way  by  his  own  efforts, 
just  as  truly  as  did  Mr.  Lincoln,  or  any  other  man  of  distinction  in  our  history.  The  city 
boy,  brought  up  in  affluent  circumstances,  who  scorns  ease,  deliberately  chooses  a  life  of 
work  and  of  usefulness,  and  never  for  a  moment  doubts  the  value  of  his  ideals,  deserves 
just  as  much  credit  as  the  country  boy  who  pores  over  his  few  treasured  books  by  the  dim 
evening  light  in  his  log  cabin. 

Thus  far  in  our  history  it  has  not  made  very  much  difference.  Most  American  boys 
have  had  a  fairly  good  chance  to  improve  their  own  positions,  and  to  be  of  use  to  their  fel 
low  men,  if  only  they  were  endowed  with  will,  energy,  some  gift  of  moral  power,  and  some 
little  kindling  touch  of  imagination. 

As  a  boy,  Theodore  Roosevelt  was  rather  sickly  than  strong,  and  he  gave  few  signs 
pointing  to  a  very  exceptional  future.  But  he  was  plucky  and  persevering.  He  became 
strong  by  degrees  through  physical  exercise,  and  through  a  gradual  acquirement  of  the  art 
of  living  in  such  a  way  as  to  be  hardy  and  well.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1880,  and 
was  twenty-two  years  old  October  27  of  that  year,  having  been  born  in  1858. 

His  father,  also  named  Theodore  Roosevelt,  was  a  man  of  business  and  affairs  in  New 
York  City.  He  was  prominent  in  all  that  made  for  the  best  interests  of  New  York,  noted 
for  philanthropic  works,  sound  in  his  principles,  wise  and  devoted  as  a  father.  He  died  a 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


year  or  two  before  his  son  and  namesake  finished  the   Harvard  course.     The   family  had 
lived   in  and  about   New   York   City  for   more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  years. 

During  the  college  period,  Theodore  Roosevelt  was  a  diligent  student,  devoting  him 
self  especially  to  out-door  science,  American  history,  and  literary  studies.  He  was  active 
in  .almost  every  form  of  exercise  and  sport,  and  took  creditable  rank  in  everything,  although 
he  was  never  a  champion  athlete.  He  learned  to  ride  well,  and  played  polo.  He  learned 
to  shoot,  and  made  the  most  of  his  vacations.  He  was  fond  of  animal  life  and  nature, 
and  cultivated  that  habit  of  close  observation  which  has  made  him  a  naturalist  and  has 
added  so  much  to  his  happiness  in  life.  He  took  to  the  water,  with  Long  Island  Sound 
offering  ready  access ;  and  his  appetite  for  the  study  of  American  naval  history  was 
whetted  by  some  practical  knowledge  of  boats  and  seamanship. 

Thus,  soon  after  leaving  college,  he  wrote  and  published  his  first  book,  on  the  "  Naval 
War  of  1812";  and  the  greatness  of  the  American  navy  to-day  is  largely  due  to  such  ex 
periences  and  studies  as  produced  that  excellent  volume.  After  leaving  college,  Mr. 
Roosevelt  spent  about  a  year  in  further  study  and  foreign  travel.  It  was  characteristic  of 
him  that  in  that  year  he  did  some  difficult  mountain  climbing  and  qualified  himself  for 
membership  in  the  famous  Alpine  Club  of  London,  his  sponsors  being  Mr.  Bryce  and  Mr. 
Buxton,  whose  careers  have  been  so  distinguished  and  useful,  and  who  have  been  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  life-long  friends. 

His  year  of  travel  and  study  ended,  Mr.  Roosevelt  settled  down  in  his  native  city, 
determined  to  be  a  good  citizen  and  to  do  with  his  might  whatsoever  his  hand  found  to 

do.  In  his  private  capacity,  he  was  read 
ing  law,  with  a  view  to  taking  up  a  pro 
fession  that  he  has  never  yet  found  an 
opportunity  to  practise.  He  was  also 
studying  American  history  and  beginning 
to  write  his  books. 

On  the  public  side  of  his  life,  he  was 
trying  to  find  out  how  we  were  really 
governed  in  the  city  and  State  of  New 
York.  He  proposed  to  take  a  citizen's 
part  in  the  governing  business,  and  he  set 
out  to  acquaint  himself  with  the  practical 
as  well  as  the  theoretical  mechanism  of 
politics  and  government.  He  soon  discov 
ered  that  he  must  join  a  political  organi 
zation,  attend  the  primaries,  and  do  his 
part  at  the  local  political  headquarters. 

He  studied  his  own  voting  precinct,  his 
municipal  ward,  and  his  assembly  district. 
He  found  himself  a  Republican  by  inherit 
ance  and  tradition,  and  by  his  own  study 
of  the  course  of  the  country's  political  his 
tory.  He  attached  himself,  therefore,  to 
the  Republican  organization  of  his  dis 
trict,  and  insisted  upon  taking  his  place 
as  an  active  worker. 

He  was  not  taken  seriously  at  first  by 
the  workers  and  heelers  in  the  old  Jake 


THEODORE  ROOSEVELT 
(As   a   student  at   Harvard) 


His  First  Political  Experiences 


"EXCELSIOR!"   (the  motto  of  New  York  State.) 

(A  later  cartoon  emblematic  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  career.) 

From   the  Inquirer    (Philadelphia) 

Hess  district ;  but  it  was  not  many  weeks  before  his  positive  and  serious  qualities  were 
apparent  to  everybody.  There  was  dissatisfaction  with  the  district's  leadership,  and  with 
its  member  of  the  legislature.  Young  Roosevelt  was  ready  for  the  fight,  secured  the  nomi 
nation,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  law-making  body  of  the  State. 

This  was  in  the  fall  of  1881  ;  and  he  served  in  the  legislature  during  the  sessions  of 
1882,  1883,  and  1884. 

There  were  in  the  United  States  several  thousand  members  of  State  legislatures  at 
that  time,  many  of  whom  must  have  had  ability,  and  not  a  few  of  whom  were  laying 
foundations  for  future  eminence.  But  among  all  those  thousands,  young  Roosevelt  at  that 
time  took  positions  which  gave  him  an  immediate  recognition  throughout  the  country.  He 
had  a  way  of  finding  what  were  the  great  issues  and  driving  straight  at  them,  with  no 
thought  of  waiting  for  more  experience,  or  of  deferring  to  older  men.  It  was  not  vanity 
or  egotism  that  impelled  him,  but  earnestness  and  his  great,  life-long  talent  for  decision 
and  action. 

He  was,  of  course,  fortunate  in  the  stage  that  was  set  for  the  part  he  had  to  play. 
New  York  State  was  the  foremost  of  our  commonwealths,  and  New  York  City  was  our 
chief  metropolis.  Reforms  in  the  administration  of  his  State  and  city  were  sure  to  be  noted 
throughout  the  land. 

He  saw  dawning  upon  the  horizon  of  practical  politics  two  essential  reforms.  One 
was  the  movement  to  substitute  for  the  old  spoils  system  in  nation,  State  and  city,  a  busi 
ness-like  civil  service,  based  upon  merit  and  efficiency  regardless  of  party.  The  other  was 
the  improvement  of  the  methods  and  character  of  our  municipal  government,  in  view  of 
the  rapid  growth  of  town  life.  He  studied  the  civil-service  question,  and  identified  him 
self  with  the  national  and  State  civil-service  reform  associations. 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THEODORE   ROOSEVELT 

(From  a  photograph   taken  while  a  member   of  the 
New  York  Legislature.) 

The  Hon.  Carl  Schurz,  serving  as  Sec 
retary  of  the  Interior  from  1877  to  1881. 
was  promoting  the  movement  at  Washing 
ton  ;  George  William  Curtis  was  at  its  head 
in  New  York ;  leading  Massachusetts  men 
were  identified  with  it,  and  Theodore  Roose 
velt  at  once  took  his  place  with  these  men. 
He  wrote  the  civil-service  law  for  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  secured  its  passage.  This 
was  a  great  achievement,  because  the  spoils 
system  was  firmly  intrenched. 

He  secured  a  legislative  investigation  of 
New  York  City  government,  and  headed 
the  committee  of  inquiry.  He  secured  the 
passage  of  a  law  increasing  the  authority 
of  the  mayor,  and  in  various  other  ways  im 
proved  the  city  charter,  while  reforming 
abuses  in  many  offices. 

Grover  Cleveland,  who  had  been  a  reform 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Buffalo,  was  elected 
governor  in  1882,  and  although  he  was 


a  Democrat,  while  Roosevelt  was  a  Repub 
lican,  there  was  co-operation  between  the  two 
men  in  the  work  of  purifying  politics  and 
administration  in  the  State  and  its  cities  and 
counties.  The  position  that  young  Roosevelt 
then  occupied  in  the  public  eye  is  admirably 
shown  in  a  cartoon  drawn  by  Nast  in  the 
spring  of  1884,  in  which  Governor  Cleveland 
and  Theodore  Roosevelt  are  represented  as 
working  out  reforms  for  New  York  that 
would  prevent  such  disorder  and  bloodshed 
as  had  at  that  time  occurred  in  the  city  of  Cin 
cinnati.  It  is  a  felicitous  thing  that  this  first 
important  cartoon  in  which  the  face  of  Roose 
velt  appears  should  associate  him  with  Mr. 
Cleveland.  Each  man  was  destined  to  become 
President  of  the  United  States.  They  were 
friends  to  the  day  of  Mr.  Cleveland's  death. 

So  vigorous  was  Mr.  Roosevelt's  work  in 
the  legislatures  of  1882  and  1883,  that  he  was 
prominently  mentioned  for  the  Speakership 
,  of  the  Assembly  that  convened  in  Jan 
uary,  1884.  His  work  in  that  session  was 
so  noteworthy  that  it  made  him  famous 
throughout  the  country,  and  he  would  have 
remained  a  prominent  and  respected  leader  in 
public  affairs  even  if  he  had  never  held  an 
other  office. 


THE   SEAL  OP  THE   STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 
From  the  World  (New  York,  1906) 


His  First  Political  Experiences 


REFORM  WITHOUT  BLOODSHED 

(Governor  Cleveland  and  Theodore  Roosevelt  at  their  good    work.) 
From  Harper's  Weekly,  April  10,   1884 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


OUR   NEW   WATCHMAN— ROOSEVELT 

(Our  political   boss  and   henchman   must   go.) 
From   Harper's   Weekly,    May   10,    1884 

Young  men  of  like  views  and  aspirations  in  other  States  all  the  way  to  the  Pacific 
took  note  of  this  courageous  young  leader  in  New  York,  and  felt  that  they  might  some 
day  bring  him  forward  as  their  candidate  for  the  Presidency.  His  Dakota  ranch  and  his 
studies  of  Western  history  and  pioneer  life  were  already  becoming  a  factor  in  his  larger 
reputation.  What  proved  to  be  the  turning  point  in  his  political  career  lay  just  ahead 
of  him,  although  it  could  not  be  clearly  foreseen. 


CHAPTER   II 

The   Crisis  of    1884 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  was  made  one  of  the  four  delegates-at-large  from  New  York  to 
the  national  Republican  convention  of  1884,  and  was  chosen  as  chairman  of  the 
State  delegation.  This  was  a  very  unusual  honor  for  so  young  a  man,  and  -is  an 
evidence  of  the  influential  rank  he  had  already  attained.  James  A.  Garfield  had  been 
elected  President  in  1880,  but  his  assassination  had  placed  the  Vice-President,  Mr.  Ar 
thur,  of  New  York,  in  the  White  House.  The  idol  of  the  Republican  masses  of  the  Mid 
dle  West  was  the.  Speaker  of  the  House,  Mr.  James  G.  Elaine,  of  Maine.  President  Ar 
thur  was  a  candidate  for  renomination,  and  many  of  the  anti-Blaine  men  rallied  about 
him.  He  belonged  to  the  "  Stalwart  "  faction  of  the  party  in  New  York,  of  which  Sena 
tor  Conkling  was  the  mentor,  while  Mr.  Elaine  was  the  inspiration  of  the  so-called  "  Half- 
breeds  "  of  the  Empire  State. 

Roosevelt  was  not  in  alliance  with  either  faction ;  and  he  strongly  hoped,  with  many 
of  the  reformers  and  conservative  men  of  the  day,  that  it  might  be  possible  to  secure  the 
nomination  as  a  compromise  candidate  of  Senator  Edmunds,  of  Vermont,  then  the  strong 
est  and  most  respected  figure  in  the  United  States  Senate. 

Popular  sentiment  triumphed,  and 
Mr.  Elaine  was  nominated.  The  re 
formers  admitted  Mr.  Elaine's  bril 
liancy  as  a  party  leader,  but  distrusted 
his  judgment  and  his  character.  Until 
that  time,  Carl  Schurz,  George  Wil 
liam  Curtis,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  and 
many  other  prominent  reformers  had 
been  acknowledged  leaders  of  the  Re 
publican  party.  Curtis  and  Schurz 
had  been  great  figures  in  Republican 
conventions.  They  were  deeply  dis 
affected  by  the  nomination  of  Elaine 
and  went  home  in  silence,  waiting  to 
see  what  the  Democrats  would  do. 
Mr.  Roosevelt,  meanwhile,  went  out  to 
his  Dakota  ranch,  primarily  to  attend 
to  his  cattle  business,  but  also  to  think 
over  the  political  situation. 

The  Democrats  had  the  wisdom  to 
nominate  Governor  Cleveland,  of  New 
York,  and  the  disaffected  Republicans, 
led  by  Schurz  and  Curtis,  organized 
the  so-called  "Independent"  or  "Mug- 
wump"  movement,  and  decided  to  THE  NEW  VOYAGE  BEGUN 

.  .  (An  emblematic   cartoon  of  a   later  period) 

support   Cleveland  against   Blame.  From  the  North  American  (Philadelphia, 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Copyright,  1884.     By  permission  PHRYNE    BEFORE    THE    CIIICAGW 

ARDENT  ADVOCATE  :   "  Now,   gentlemen,   don't   make  any   mistake  it 

Mr.  Whitelaw  Reid,  of  the  New  York  Tribune,  is  presenting  James  G.  Blaine  to  the  Republican  convention  of  1884 
figure  from  the  reader's  right.  On  Mr.  Roosevelt's  left,  in  their  order,  appear  Carl  Schurz,  Senator  Evartf 
next  to  Sherman  is  John  A.  Logan,  with  his  black  hair  and  heavy  mustache.  Other  notable  delegates  arf 


The  Crisis  of   1884 


IBUNAL.— From  Puck,  June  4.  1884. 

r  decision.      Here's   Purity   and    Magnetism  for  you.     Can't  be  beat !  " 

Chicago.     Mr.  Roosevelt,  as  chairman  of  the  powerful  New  York  delegation,  is  seen  in  the  front  row,  the  fourth 
George    William  Curtis.          Immediately  behind  Mr.  Roosevelt  is  John     Sherman,   with   the   white   hair,   while 
ttered  about  in   the  group. 


10 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


LITTLE    BO-PEEP,    LOST    HER    SHEEP, 

AND    DIDN'T    KNOW    WHERE    TO    FIND     THEM; 

(The  "lost  sheep"  in  this  cartoon  are  those  Republicans  who  vigorously  opposed  Mr.  Elaine  at  the  Chicago  con? 
of  Vermont.  After  the  convention  had  given  its  voice  for  the  "  Plumed  Knight."  however.  Mr.  Roosevelt,  insteacf 
lican  fold  and  gave  his  entire  support  to  the  party  throughout  the  campaign.  See  Mr.  Roosevelt's  statement  on  ti 


The  Crisis  of  1884 


11 


From  Judge,  June  21,   1884 

OH!    LET    THEM    ALONE.    AND    THEY'LL    COME    HOME, 
AND    CARRY    THEIR    TAILS    BEHIND    THEM. 

ion  of  1884.  Prominent  among  these  was  Mr.  Roosevelt,  whose  candidate  for  the  nomination  was  Senator  Edmunds, 
jolting  the  party  and  joining  in  the  independent  movement  with  Schurz,  Curtis,  and  others,  remained  in  the  Repub- 
ubject  on  page  12.) 


12 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE    SIZE    OF    THE    INDEPENDENT    ARMY 

This  is  the  third  time  they  have  marched  around.     There  are    just  about  nine  of  them,   not  ninety  thousand. 
(It  was  mistakenly  assumed  that  Roosevelt  would  join  in  the    movement.) — From  Judge,  July,  1884. 

It  was  believed  by  the  Independents  and  the  Democrats  that  Roosevelt  would  also 
support  Cleveland ;  and  even  the  Elaine  Republicans  had  little  hope  of  holding  him  with 
in  party  lines.  But  after  a  brief  interval,  Mr.  Roosevelt  came  out  with  a  public  state 
ment  so  characteristic  of  him  that  it  ought  to  be  quoted  in  this  record.  It  was  as  follows : 

"  I  intend  to  vote  the  Republican  Presidential  ticket.  A  man  cannot  act  both  without  and  within  the 
party;  he  can  do  either,  but  he  cannot  possibly  do  both.  Each  course  has  its  advantages,  and  each  has  its 
disadvantages,  and  one  cannot  take  the  advantages  or  the  disadvantages  separately.  I  went  in  with  my  eyes 
open  to  do  what  I  could  within  the  party ;  I  did  my  best  and  got  beaten,  and  I  propose  to  stand  by  the  re 
sult.  It  is  impossible  to  combine  the  functions  of  a  guerrilla  chief  with  those  of  a  colonel  in  the  regular 
army;  one  has  greater  independence  of  action,  the  other  is  able  to  make  what  action  he  does  take  vastly 
more  effective.  In  certain  contingencies,  the  one  can  do  the  most  good ;  in  certain  contingencies,  the  other ; 
but  there  is  no  use  in  accepting  a  commission  and  then  trying  to  play  the  game  out  on  a  lone  hand.  During 
the  entire  canvass  for  the  nomination  Mr.  Elaine  received  but  two  checks.  I  had  a  hand  in  both,  and  I 
could  have  had  a  hand  in  neither  had  not  those  Republicans  who  elected  me  the  head  of  the  New  York 
State  delegation  supposed  that  I  would  in  good  faith  support  the  man  who  was  fairly  made  the  Repub 
lican  nominee.  I  am.  by  inheritance  and  by  education,  a  Republican ;  whatever  good  I  have  been  able  to 
accomplish  in  public  life  has  been  accomplished  through  the  Republican  party;  I  have  acted  with  it  in  the 
past,  and  wish  to  act  with  it  in  the  future." 


The  Crisis  of  1884 


13 


The  cartoons  relating  to  this  period  that  are  reproduced  herewith  indicate  how  gen 
eral  was  the  belief  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  would  abandon  his  party.  Grover  Cleveland  was 
his  personal  friend ;  and  his  views  were  regarded  as  more  nearly  like  Roosevelt's  than 
were  those  of  the  successful  Republican  candidate.  But  Roosevelt  believed  that  his  place 
was  writh  the  Republican  party,  and  that  in  the  long  run  he  could  be  far  more  useful  to  the 
country  as  a  member  of  his  own  political  organization  than  as  a  critical  outsider. 

Bereavements  in  his  family  just  at  this  time  lessened  his  public  activity;  but  he  made 
some  speeches  before  the  campaign  was  over,  and  indulged  in  no  bitterness  toward  those 
who  reproached  him  for  abandoning  the  leadership  of  Curtis  and  Schurz.  He  had  pre 
dicted, — while  the  fight  was  on  in  the  convention  and  there  was  some  chance  to  nominate 
Edmunds, — that  Blaine  could  not  be  elected.  The  issue  in  November  was  very  close  ;  but 
the  Democrats  won  and  Grover  Cleveland  was  inaugurated  as  President  in  March,  1885. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  had  maintained  the  party  regularity  that  was  a  valuable  asset  in  his 
subsequent  political  career,  while  by  his  position  in  the  convention  of  1884  and  during  the 
campaign  he  had  firmly  established  his  position  as  a  man  of  independence  and  self-direc 
tion  within  the  party  councils.  He  followed  no  political  boss  in  the  New  York  organiza 
tion,  and  he  worshipped  at  the  shrine  of  no  popular  idol.  He  was  never  wholly  forgiven 
by  Mr.  Schurz  and  the  leaders  of  the  revolt;  nor,  on  the  other  hand,  was  he  ever  in  full 
favor  with  Mr.  Blaine  and  those  closest  to  the  ambitions  of  the  so-called  "  Plumed  Knight." 

But  he  had  worked  out  a  consistent  line  of -action  for  himself,  and  on  more  than  one 
occasion  in  subsequent  years,  when  there  might  have  seemed  some  good  reason  of  the 
moment  for  acting  in  opposition,  he  preferred  to  stay  in  the  Republican  camp,  while 
freely  criticising  the  party's  mistakes. 


THE  COWBOY  AND  THE  LOCOMOTIVE    (.Sec  next  chapter.) 

A  very  simple  little  story  of  the  political  plains,  plainly    told.       (Roosevelt,    as    the    Republican    "cow 
boy"  candidate  for  Mayor  of  New  York,  trying  to    lasso   the  Democracy,  with  Abram  Hewitt  at  its  head.) 

From  the  World  (New  York),  October  31,  188G 


CHAPTER   III 


The  Mayoralty   Fight  of   1886 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  had  bought  his  ranch  in  the  "  Bad  Lands  "  of  Northwest  Dakota 
near  the  Montana  line  on  the  Little  Missouri  River  in  the  summer  of  1883,  and  had 
invested  a  good  deal  of  his  patrimony  in  the  cattle  business.  He  had  returned  to 
his  ranch  after  the  convention  of  1884,  and  was  much  absorbed  in  all  the  phases  of  frontier 
life,  remaining  almost  continuously  for  the 
following  two  years.  He  had  published  a  book 
on  various  hunting  experiences  in  1883.  He 
founded  the  Boone  and  Crockett  Club,  and 
sought  to  know  by  experience  as  well  as  by 
study  all  those  phases  of  pioneer  life  that,  had 
made  the  American  people  what  they  are. 

Yet  he  had  by  no  means  severed  the  ties 
that  bound  him  to  New  York.  Like  the 
Roosevelts  before  him,  he  had  grown  up  at 
once  a  townsman  of  Manhattan  and  a  country 
man  of  Long  Island.  It  would  not  have  been 
like  him  to  transplant  himself  altogether.  He 
could  identify  himself  with  the  Dakota  pion 
eer  experiences,  but  it  would  not  have  been 
in  keeping  with  his  nature  to  break  the  con 
tinuity  of  the  Roosevelt  life  in  and  about  the 
great  town  that  had  grown  up  where  the 
original  Roosevelts  had  settled. 

Even  wrhile  he  was  writing  his  books  on 
ranch  life  and  the  pursuit  of  large  game  in 
the  Rockies,  and  while  at  work  on  his  chief 
historical  production,  "  The  Winning  of  the 
West,"  he  also  produced  a  history  of  the  City 
of  New  York  which  was  published  in  1890. 
He  had  spent  some  part  of  each  winter  in 
New  York  City ;  and  when  the  municipal  re 
formers  brought  him  out  as  their  candidate 
for  mayor  in  1886  he  could  not  refuse. 

The  Republican  party  promptly  made  him 
its  candidate.  His  father  had  been  mayor  be 
fore  him,  and  he  himself  while  in  the  leg 
islature  had  only  recently  secured  charter 

changes  for  the  metropolis  and  given  great  MR   ROOSEVELT 

attention  to  its  affairs.     Mr.  Henry   George,  (m  hunting  costume  of  the  early 


The  Mayoralty  Fight  of   1886 


15 


v^^C'^S'S  S  -5  S~^>7^~T3"^--:.'.-' 
:    ^  -.  -^£5^^?  £•  .%•:>-  -'_-^--— 


THE    MAYORALTY    CONTEST— THEY    HAD    THEIR     LITTLE    BOOMS 
From  the  New  York  World,  October  17,  1886 


who  was  then  at  the  height  of  his  fame,  had  come  from  San  Francisco  to  live  in  New 
York ;  and  the  labor  party,  together  with  the  believers  in  Mr.  George's  single-tax  the 
ory,  made  him  a  candidate  for  the  chief  city  office.  Tammany  Hall  and  the  Democratic 
party  nominated  an  able  business  man  and  member  of  Congress,  Mr.  Abram  S.  Hewitt, 
son-in-law  of  Peter  Cooper. 

It  was  a  stirring  campaign.  As  election  day  approached,  certain  conservative  business 
interests  were  alarmed  lest  Henry  George  should  win,  and  to  make  sure  of  his  defeat 
they  decided  to  vote  with  the  Democrats  for  Mr.  Hewitt.  The  alarm  about  Mr.  George 
is  well  expressed  in  a  cartoon  from  Harper's  Weekly  that  we  reproduce.  Mr.  Roosevelt 
received  more  than  60,000  votes ;  Mr.  George  more  than  68,000,  and  Mr.  Hewitt  more 


16 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE    RIVAL  GUIDES 

(Roosevelt,    Hewitt,    and    Henry   George    as    mayoralty    candidates.) 

A  Worthy  Old  Gentleman  of  Manhattan  City  (Father  Knickerbocker),  accustomed  to  take  to  the 
woods  every  other  November,  was  accosted  by  two  experienced  guides,  each  bent  on  taking  him  a  different 
path.  They  were  so  enthusiastic  over  their  routes  that  while  belaboring  one  another  with  arguments,  an 
Incompetent  Guide  (Henry  George)  sprang  from  the  brush,  and  seizing  the  old  gentleman  by  the  throat, 
attempted  to  drag  him  into  a  very  dangerous  by-way  much  frequented  by  lawless  men,  when — 

MORAL. — There   can   be   no   moral   to   this   until   the  Freebooter  is  taken   from  the  scene. 

From    Harper's    Weekly,   October  30,   188G 

than  90,000.     New  York  at  that  time  was  a  strong  Democratic  city,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt's 
vote,  under  all  the  circumstances,  was  highly  creditable. 

His  defeat  was  not  a  disappointment.  He  had  sprung  unexpectedly  into  the  fore 
front  of  political  life  within  a  year  or  two  after  leaving  college,  and  he  needed  an  interval 
of  private  life  for  further  reading  and  study,  the  building  up  of  his  mental  and  physical 
constitution,  and  the  ordering  of  his  personal  and  private  affairs. 


CHAPTER  IV 


A  Brief  Period  of  Private  Life 


THE  Western  life  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  led  in 
the  eighties  is  not  likely  to  be  overesti 
mated  by  any  biographer  as  a  formative 
influence  in  shaping  his  mature  character,  and  as 
relating  itself  in  many  ways  to  his  later  career  as 
leader  of  the  nation.  Its  human  contacts  were 
direct,  unconventional,  and  sincere.  Mr.  Roose 
velt  became  hardy  by  long  days  in  the  saddle  and 
the  pursuit  of  game  in  the  fastnesses  of  the 
mountains.  His  graduating  theme  at  Harvard 
had  been  in  the  field  of  natural  history;  and  the 
Western  life  made  him  a  high  authority  upon  the 
animals  of  the  North  American  continent. 

He  found  time  in  this  period  to  read  standard 
literature  and  become  saturated  with  it;  and  he 
became  firmly  grounded  in  the  habit  of  giving 
literary  expression  to  his  own  observations  and 
experiences.  The  years  1887  ar>d  !888  were  de 
voted  to  this  Western  life,  to  historical  study 
and  writing,  and  to  domestic  life  and  the  found 
ing  of  a  home  and  family. 

The  Roosevelt  kith  and  kin  had  long  been 
identified  with  the  Oyster  Bay  neighborhood  of 
Long  Island, 
and  it  was  nat 
ural  and  easy 
for  Theodore 
Roosevelt  to 
settle  there  and 
to  build  on  the 


THEODORE  ROOSEVELT  AS  HE 
RANCHING   DAYS 


LOOKED  IN 


MR.   ROOSEVELT'S   ELKHORN   RANCH   BUILDINGS 
(From  a  sketch  by  Remington,  courtesy  of  Century  Co.) 


top  of  his  Sagamore  Hill  the 
modest  but  ample  and  com 
fortable  home  that  has  since 
become  so  famous,  and  that  is 
pictured  (as  it  then  looked) 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Some  years  ago,  at  the  re 
quest   of  the   writer  of  the 


18 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


MR.   ROOSEVELT'S  RANCH   ON  THE  LITTLE   MISSOURI,  IN  THE  BAD  LANDS 


A  SUCCESSFUL  HUNTING  TRIP  (MR.  ROOSEVELT    ON  THE  RIGHT) 


A  Brief  Period  of  Private  Life 


19 


present  volume,  the  late  Julian  Ralph  prepared 
an  admirable  character  sketch  of  Theodore 
Roosevelt.  Much  of  it  is  in  the  form  of  direct 
statement  by  Mr.  Roosevelt  himself.  One  of 
the  paragraphs  sums  up,  in  his  own  words, 
Roosevelt's  period  of  life  in  Dakota.  "  A  man 
with  a  horse  and  a  gun  is  a  picture  or  idea  that 
has  always  appealed  to  me,"  he  says.  "  Mayne 
Reid's  heroes  and  the  life  out  West  also  al 
ways  appealed  to  me.  I  wanted  to  see  the 
rude,  rough,  formative  life  in  the  Far  West 
before  it  vanished.  I  went  there  just  in  time. 
I  was  in  at  the  killing  of  the  buffalo,  in  the 
last  big  hunt,  in  1883,  near  Pretty  Buttes, 
when  the  whites  and  the  Sioux  from  Standing 
Rock  and  Pine  Ridge  wrere  doing  the  killing. 
I  went  West  while  I  was  in  the  Assembly,  in 
the  long  vacations — went  hunting — went  to 
the  Bad  Lands  and  shot  elk,  sheep,  deer,  buf 
falo,  and  antelope.  I  made  two  hunting  trips, 
and  in  1884  I  started  my  cattle  ranch.  After 
my  terms  in  the  Legislature,  and  until  I  was 
appointed  Civil  Service  Commissioner,  I  lived 
most  of  the  time  out  West  in  the  summers 
and  spent  only  the  winters  in  New  York.  I 


ROOSEVELT   AS   A    "BRONCHO   BUSTER" 


YOU  MAY  MAKE   THE   HORSE   NERVOUS,   BOYS, 
BUT  YOU  CAN'T  UNSEAT  THE  RIDER 

(A  typical  later  cartoon,  based  upon  Mr.  Roosevelt's 
Western   life,  as  a  favorite  theme. — Judge] 

never  was  happier  in  my  life.  My  house 
out  there  is  a  long  low  house  of  hewn 
logs,  which  I  helped  to  build  myself.  It 
has  a  broad  veranda  and  rocking  chairs 
and  a  big  fireplace  and  elk  skins  and  wolf 
skins  scattered  about, — on  the  brink  of 
the  Little  Missouri,  right  in  a  clump  of 
cotton  woods ;  and  less  than  three  years 
ago  I  shot  a  deer  from  the  veranda.  I 
kept  my  books  there, — such  as  I  wanted, 
—and  did  a  deal  of  writing,  being  the  rest 
of  the  time  out  all  day  in  every  kind  of 
weather." 

These  sentences,  taken  together  with 
the  pictures  with  which  this  brief  chapter 
of  our  volume  is  embellished,  enable  one 
to  understand  quite  clearly  how  it  came 
about  that  the  ranching  period  of  his  life 
entered  into  the  very  structure  of  Roose 
velt's  character  and  mind.  And  they  also 
explain  why  in  after  years  his  frequent 
hunting  trips  were  indispensable.  The 
later  quest  of  great  game  in  Africa  was  in 
response  to  that  persistent  call  of  outdoor 
life,  and  love  of  wilderness  adventure,  that 
has  always  belonged  to  Mr.  Roosevelt's 
essential  nature. 


20 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


h"        K 


O      tc 

*   a 


>      * 
rv      >> 

=       C 


O     c 


72     > 
C     ^ 

O      <a 

BS    S 
m 

OJ     o 


A  Brief  Period  of  Private  Life 


21 


ONE  OP  MR.  ROOSEVELT'S  QUIET  DAYS 

(Three  cartoons  in  this  page  are  from  drawings  by 
John  T.  McCutcheon  for  the  Chicago  Tribune.  They  are 
of  a  much  later  period,  but  are  all  illustrative  of  Roose 
velt  as  a  hunter  in  the  Northwestern  wilderness.  See 
also  next  page.) 


"  HURRY    UP,    BOYS,    I'VE   GOT   'EM    TREED ! 


THE  PRESIDENT  HAS  BEEN  ON  THE  TRAIL  OF  A 
GRIZZLY   FOR   FOUR   DAYS.— [News   item.] 


THE   REAL  BRONCHO  BUSTER 
Teddy  Roosevelt  seems  to  stick  pretty  tight  to  his  political 

mount. 

(Another  later  cartoon  based  on  a  favorite  theme.) 
From  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


22 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


I  WISH  THE  BOYS'D  GET  UP.   HERE  I'VE  HAD 
BREAKFAST  READY  AN  HOUR 


"COME  OX,  BOYS!   I'VE  GOT  'EM  CORNERED 


(These  two  cartoons  belong  to  the  series  from  which  reproductions  are  made  on  the  previous  page.  Mr.  McCutch- 
eon  drew  them  for  the  Chicago  Tribune  when  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  taking  a  Presidential  vacation  in  the  Northwest 
country.  Few  cartoonists  have  understood  Roosevelt  in  all  his  phases  as  •well  as  Mr.  McCutcheon,  who  has  given  us 
some  of  his  best  examples  in  a  book  called  "  T.  R.  in  Cartoons," published  by  Messrs.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co..  of  Chicago.) 


_.  .. 

...'•' 


•  "    '      ''-p*rr 

:";:..r.',    ',/    "   —  •  -*••••-  ........  v'~'  .....  '"•'•  ''.?•>  '••::;'.;;;:5.S;;.,::^-j^-: 

^wisV'S^fSStiU^'-,;..  :  "  '  ..  ...   *».-;„„•.•;..'  7  :•-*':•*'  '.i  -.    •     -  •  ^~-  ?„.     ~'"Z" 


'"'  -•ii£Hii>-'"     /^i:" 

MR.  ROOSEVELT'S  HOUSE  AT  OYSTER  BAY    (NEW  YORK)    AS  ORIGINALLY  BUILT   BY   HIM 


THE    BRAVE    LITTLE    GIANT-KILLER 

SPOILS-SYSTEM    GIANT  :    "  Calm    yourself,    Theodore.     If  you  go  too  far,  you'll  find  yourself  jerked  back 
mighty  sudden  by  President  Harrison  !  " 

From  Puck.     Copyright,  1889.     By  permission 


IN  the  campaign  of  1888,  the  Republicans  were  victorious.     Mr.  Cleveland  had  been  re- 
nominated,  but  was  defeated  by  the  Hon.    Benjamin    Harrison.      Mr.   Roosevelt  had 
cordially  supported  the   Republican  ticket,  and  his  friends  thought  him  highly  fitted 
to  be  Assistant  Secretary  of  State.     In  his  interval  of  private  life,  Mr.  Roosevelt  had  again 
traveled  abroad ;  he  was  intelligently  interested  in  foreign  affairs,  and  he  would  have  been 
a  valuable  man  in  the  Secretary  of  State's  office  at  a  time  when  a  number  of  foreign  ques- 


24 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


POLITICAL  FOOTBALL 

PRESIDENT  HARBISON:  "What  can  I  do  when  both  parties    insist  on  kicking? 
From  Judge,  1889  (New  York) 


THE  MOB  OF  HUNGRY  OFFICE-SEEKERS  :    "  Harrison  holds  the  fort.' 
CLEVELAND  :    "  Aha  !     Now  you  know  how  it  is  yourself,  Ben  !  " 

From  Judge,  1889  (New  York) 


Battling  With  the  Spoils  System 


25 


v        >- 


STRAWS  THAT  BREAK  THE  CAMEL'S  BACK 

HARRISON  :   "  I  can  make  no  progress  with  public  business   until  I  get  rid  of  that  load  of  straw." 

From  Judge,  April  G,   1889 

tions  of  some  moment  were  pending.  But  Mr.  Elaine,  who  had  been  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  the  nomination,  was  made  Secretary  of  State,  and  he  had  not  forgotten 
Roosevelt's  attitude  in  the  convention  of  1884. 

Mr.  Harrison,  therefore,  found  something  else  for  the  energetic  young  man  ffom  New 
York  and  Dakota.  The  new  civil-service  act  was  unpopular  with  the  politicians  of  both 
parties.  Yet  every  one  realized  that  the  spoils  system  had  run  its  course,  and  that  the 
great  business  of  public  administration  had  to  be  put  upon  some  basis  of  merit,  efficiency, 
and  permanence.  The  enforcement  of  the  act  was  not  popular.  No  man  of  great  politi 
cal  ambition,  or  high  party  standing,  desired  to  be  made  a  civil-service  commissioner 


26 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


From  Puck.     Copyright,  1889.     By  permission 

DRAW    YOUR    OWN 
(When  Stanley  carried  the  first  steamboat   up  the  Congo,  the  natives  ran  along  the  banks,  yelling  with  rage, 


Battling  With  the  Spoils  System 


27 


CONCLUSIONS 

and  striving  to  check  his  progress   by   throwing  stones   and  other   missiles.     Mr.   Stanley   got  there,   just  the  same.) 


28 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


BOMBARDMENT  OF  THE  WHITE  HOUSE  BY  THE    ARMY  OF  OFFICE   SEEKERS 

From  Judge,  April  8,  1893 


Mr.  Harrison,  however,  offered  this 
seemingly  thankless  post  of  difficult 
service  to  Theodore  Roosevelt,  who 
promptly  accepted  it. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  from 
the  time  of  James  Buchanan  to  the 
time  of  Grover  Cleveland,  the  Demo 
crats  had  been  out  of  office.  Thus  for 
the  twenty-five  years  from  1861  to  1885 
the  Republicans  had  been  filling  the  of 
fices  from  top  to  bottom  with  their 
own  men.  The  Democrats  were  hun 
gry  for  their  turn,  and  although  Presi 
dent  Cleveland  was  not  in  sympathy 
with  the  spoils  system,  he  could  not  re 
sist  the  pressure  which  put  scores  of 
thousands  of  Republican  office-holders, 
great  and  small,  into  private  life,  in 
order  to  meet  the  clamoring  of  the 
Democrats  for  at  least  half  of  the  sal 
aried  positions  of  the  government.  Fur 
thermore,  in  the  latter  half  of  his  term, 
Mr.  Cleveland  was  a  candidate  for  re- 
nomination  ;  and  he  allowed  himself  to 
be  guided  by  his  political  friends  and 
supporters,  and  by  the  Democratic  Na- 


NO  PLACE  LIKE  HOME— FOR  OFFICE  SEEKERS 
From  the  Wasp  (San  Francisco),  March  18,  1893 


Battling  With  the  Spoils  System 


29 


tional  Committee,  in  much  that  had  to  do  with 
appointments  to  office. 

When,  therefore,  Mr.  Harrison  was  elected  in 
November,  1888,  and  entered  upon  his  adminis 
tration  in  March,  1889,  it  was  natural  enough  that 
there  should  have  been  a  furious  onrush  of  Re 
publican  office-seekers.  A  large  part  of  these 
were  the  indignant  people  who  had  been  from 
time  to  time  displaced  during  the  brief  four  years 
of  Democratic  rule. 

There  were  three  Civil  Service  Commission 
ers,  arid  Theodore  Roosevelt  was  chairman  of  the 
board.  The  law  did  not  prevent  the  dismissal  of 
government  employees,  but  it  provided  a  system 
under  which  appointments  were  to  be  made  upon 
merit,  ascertained  in  chief  part  by  examinations ; 
and  this  system  was  under  the  control  of  the 
Civil  Service  Commissioners.  The  system  was 
ridiculed  and  assailed.  At  each  session  of  Con 
gress  there  was  a  formidable  attempt  to  starve 
out  the  system  by  refusing  to  appropriate  the 


THEODORE    ROOSEVELT    AS    HE    LOOKED    WHEN 

REAPPOINTED    TO    THE    CIVIL    SERVICE 

COMMISSION   IN   1893 


UNCLE  SAM'S  DISMAL  SWAMP 

(It  will  have  to  be  drained   to   get   rid  of  the   noxious 
miasmas  that  arise  from  it.) 

From  Puck.  November  15,  1893 

money   necessary   for  the   expenditures   of 
the  Civil  Service  Board. 

Mr.  Harrison  was  a  good  President,  and 
instinctively  in  favor  of  a  business-like 
public  service;  but  he  belonged  to  his  own 
period  and  he  was  a  candidate  for  a  second 
term.  The  cabinet  officers  and  the  heads 
of  bureaus,  in  large  part,  wanted  to  appoint 
their  subordinates  in  their  own  way.  They 
regarded  the  civil-service  restrictions  as 
irksome.  Mr.  Roosevelt  at  times  stood 
practically  alone,  with  the  politicians  and 
the  more  partisan  newspapers  against  him. 
But  public  opinion  would  not  permit  the  re 
peal  of  the  civil-service  law,  and  Roosevelt 
not  only  enforced  it  but  secured  its  gradual 
extension,  so  that  it  applied  to  an  ever-in 
creasing  number  of  public  offices. 


30 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Mr.  Cleveland  and  Mr.  Harrison  were  again  the  opposing  candidates  in  1892,  and  the 
Democrats  carried  the  day.  Mr.  Cleveland  showed  his  appreciation  of  the  chairman  of 
the  Civil  Service  Board  by  asking  him  to  remain  at  his  post,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  con 
sented.  Again  there  was  the  pandemonium  of  office-seekers  at  Washington.  The  Demo 
crats  insisted  that  they  were  entitled  to  the  spoils  of  their  victory.  Mr.  Cleveland  was  in 
a  position  to  stand  more  firmly  than  in  his  first  term  for  the  merit  system,  and  he  and 
Roosevelt  found  themselves  working  together  for  efficient  and  economical  administration 
and  against  the  evils  of  the  spoils  system, — just  as  they  had  been  working  together  ten 
years  before  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  held  this  office  for  six  continuous  years,  from  1889  to  1895.  It  was  a 
period  of  patriotic  service,  with  little  promise  of  glory  or  reward.  A  man  of  different 
physical  and  nervous  organization  would  have  been  worn  out  with  the  nagging  and  worry 
of  a  place  that  was  involved  in  sharp,  unceasing  controversy.  But  the  fights  for  the  law, 
and  against  the  politicians,  did  not  worry  Mr.  Roosevelt  in  the  least.  He  was  able  to  keep 
it  all  within  office  hours,  and  it  was  a  kind  of  work  that  gave  him  exceptional  familiarity 
with  every  phase  of  the  administrative  system  of  the  United  States  Government. 

It  gave  him,  also,  a  vast  acquaintance  with  the  personalities  of  Congress,  and  the 
active  men  in  all  branches  of  the  government.  Within  a  little  more  than  six  years  it  was 
his  destiny  to  become  President  of  the  United  States ;  and  few  experiences  could  have 
fitted  him  so  well  for  the  Presidency  as  the  six  years  of  firm,  incessant  battling  at  Wash 
ington  for  the  systematizing  of  the  government's  work  in  all  departments. 


Copyright  by  G.  G.  Bain,  N.  Y. 

Avery    D.    Andrews.       Mr.    Parker.       Mr.    Roosevelt.      Gen.   Fred.   D.  Grant. 

THE   FOUR    MEMBERS    OF    THE    NEW    YORK    POLICE   BOARD   IN   ROOSEVELT'S     TIME    ( See  HCVt  chapter.) 


CHAPTER  VI 

Reforming  New  York's 
Police  Work 

THERE    had    been    fruitless    endeavors    for 
many  years,  to  elect  a  reform  mayor  and 
bring  new  methods  and  ideas  into  the  mu 
nicipal  administration  of  New  York 
City.     Mr.  Roosevelt  had  always  be 
lieved,  and  said,  that  New  York  af 
forded  a  boundless   field   of   useful 
ness  for  any  man  who  chose  to  put 
his  energies  into  its  social  or  political  service.     At 
length,  in  the  fall  of  1894,  all  the  anti-Tammany 
forces  of  the  city  had  united  upon  a  candidate 
and  had  elected  as  mayor  Mr.  William  L.  Strong, 
a  merchant  of  public   spirit  and  repute.     Under 
the  charter  then  existing,  the  principal  function  of 
the  mayor  was  to  select  the  heads  of  working  de 
partments. 

The  most  difficult  department  on  many  ac 
counts  was  that  of  the  police.  This  department 
was  charged  with  duties  far  more  extensive  than 
the  control  of  some  thousands  of  policemen  in 
their  work  of  maintaining  law  and  order,  and  of 
aiding  in  the  prevention  and  punishment  of  crime. 
The  Police  Department  was  charged  with  the  en 
forcement  of  important  laws  of  the  State  of  New 
York  that  had  to  do  with  the  manners  and  morals 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT,  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  POLICE 
COMMISSIONERS,  LAYING  DOWN  THE  LAW  :  "  I  would 
rather  see  this  administration  turned  out  because  it 
enforced  the  laws  than  see  it  succeed  by  violating 
them."  t 

From  the  World   (New  York) 


AN    AWFUL    POSSIBILITY    UNDER    OUR    BLUE 

LAWS  AS   ROOSEVELT   ENFORCES   THEM 

From  the  World-   (New  York) 


NO   SHOES 


NO  SUNDAY  DRINKS 

Pfr  ordr,.  (/ROOSEVELT. 


FATHER  KNICKERBOCKER:  "Gracious!    What  next?" 
From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


32 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


COMMISSIONER   ROOSEVELT   AT   HIS   DESK 

IN  MULBERRY   STREET    (POLICE 

HEADQUARTERS),   NEW  YORK 

From  a  drawing  made  from  life  at  the  time  for 
the  Review  of  Reviews 

of  the  people.  The  Police  Department, 
further,  had  control  over  the  tenement 
house  conditions,  and  at  that  time  was 
even  more  important  than  the  Health 
Department  in  its  relations  with  the 
sanitary  and  social  welfare  of  the 
people. 

The  charter  called  for  a  board  of  four 
police  commissioners,  one  of  whom 
should  be  the  president  of  the  board. 
Mayor  Strong-  asked  Mr.  Roosevelt  to 
return  from  Washington  to  become 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Police  Com 
missioners  of  his  native  city.  To  have 
enforced  the  civil-service  laws  at 
Washington  was,  in  the  estimation  of 
all  politicians,  to  perform  a  work  so 
unpopular  as  to  destroy  a  man's 
chances  of  future  preferment  and 


CIVILIZATION    AND    BARBARISM 
"  Whon    we   get   in   again   we'll    KEEP   WIDE   OPEN,    and 
SHUT  UP  THE  CHURCHES — ^ee  !  " — From  Harper's  Weekly. 


Reforming  New  York's  Police  Work 


public  honor.  Now  he  was 
asked  to  take  upon  himself  the 
work  of  Police  Commissioner 
in  New  York  City,  with  the 
intention  of  enforcing  unpopu 
lar  laws  of  the  State,  and  of 
breaking  up  the  blackmailing 
and  grafting  practices  which 
had  for  so  long  a  time  prevailed 
in  the  Police  Department — in 
partnership  with  the  criminal 
elements  on  the  one  hand,  and 
the  mercenary  politicians  and 
large  corporation  interests  on 
the  other  hand.  To  attack  these 
evils  was  to  attempt  a  task 
of  Augean  stable-cleaning  that 
was  more  unwelcome  and  far 
more  contentious  and  difficult 
than  to  be  embroiled  with  the 
national  politicians  in  attempts 
to  enforce  the  civil-service  law. 
Mr.  Roosevelt  did  not  hesi 
tate  to  accept  this  difficult  of 
fice.  The  eyes  of  the  country 
were  upon  him  in  his  work, 
just  as  they  had  been  when  at 
Albany  he  was  dealing  with 
similar  questions  and  problems. 
All  the  growing  cities  of  Amer 
ica  were  wrestling  with  the  dif 
ficulties  of  municipal  reform. 
The  police  department  in  most 
cities  seemed  to  be  at  the  very 
center  of  civic  misrule  and  corruption.  Mr.  Roosevelt's  sympathies  were  with  every  po 
liceman  who  tried  to  do  his  duty,  and  he  recognized  the  fact  that  the  corruption  of  the 
police  force  was  due  much  more  to  the  conditions  outside  than  to  those  inside  of  the 
body  of  policemen.  His  discipline  was  severe,  but  he  became  popular  with  the  rank  and 
file  of  the  city's  uniformed  guardians. 

He  had  always  been  an  optimist  about  our  city  populations.  He  explored  the  tene 
ment  houses,  and  in  his  brief  two  years  as  Police  Commissioner  he  accomplished  a  great 
work  in  the  destruction  of  unsanitary  tenements  and  the  improvement  of  housing  con 
ditions.  He  knew  that  most  of  the  plain  people  were  industrious  and  honest,  and  that 
the  hordes  of  immigrants  speaking  many  languages  would  rapidly  become  Americanized 
and  make  good  citizens.  He  was  striving  in  every  way  possible  to  improve  their  envir 
onment,  in  order  that  these  people  might  contribute  the  more  effectively  toward  the  wel 
fare  and  progress  of  the  community. 

A  source   of  great  evil   and  much  blackmail  had  been  the  old  laws  of  the  State  re- 


"  THE  LAW  AND  DUTY  "—Harper's  Weekly,  July  17,  1895 

(Roosevelt,   as   the   Police    Commissioner  in   New   York,    enforcing 

the  Sunday  closing  law  against  strong  opposition.) 


34 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


quiring  the  closing  of  business  places,  and  particularly  of  licensed  liquor  saloons,  on  Sun 
day.  The  Sunday  closing  law  was  violated  almost  universally,  but  its  existence  gave 
opportunity  for  blackmail  that  at  once  corrupted  the  police  force  and  intensified  many 
other  evils.  Mr.  Roosevelt  took  the  ground  that  laws  must  be  enforced  or  changed. 
He  pressed  his  point  so  aggressively  that  Mayor  Strong  was  alarrned  and  many  good 
people  opposed  him.  He  worked  under  the  further  difficulty  of  a  divided  police  board. 
But  he  made  a  great  record  that  will  live  in  the  municipal  life  of  New  York. 

His  work,  and  that  of  Colonel  Waring  as  Street  Cleaning  Commissioner,  have  re 
sulted  in  a  stupendous  advancement;in  the  comfort,  health,  and  safety  of  the  great  popu 
lation  on  Manhattan  Island  that  lives  more  densely  than  any  other  city  population  in  the 
world. 

Fortunate  progress  in  many  directions  has  been  made  in  the  metropolis  since  Mayor 
Strong's  administration.  But  in  several  of  the  departments, — notably  those  having  to  do 
with  the  daily  life  and  comfort  of  the  people, — the  advance  movement  seems  to  have  de 
rived  its  great  impulse  from  efforts  made  at  that  .time  with  such  ardor  and  intensity  by 
department  heads  of  whom  Roosevelt  and  Waring  were  conspicuous  types.  All  day  at  his 
desk  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  the  decisive,  untiring  Commissioner  of  Police.  It  is  the  sort  of 
office  that  no  hesitant,  indecisive  man  should  ever  try  to  fill.  He  was  transferring  good 
policemen  to  difficult  precincts,  disciplining  bad  ones,  and  sequestering  indifferent  ones  to 
suburban  beats.  At  night,  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  shaking  up  sleeping  or  loitering  patrolmen; 
unexpectedly  appearing  in  police  stations;  but  more  especially  he  was  examining  the  con 
ditions  of  the  over-crowded  tenement  houses,  in  companionship  with  newspaper-men  and 
reformers  like  Jacob  A.  Riis, — in  consequence  of  which  reforms  of  a  sweeping  nature  have 
followed. 


MR.  ROOSEVELT'S  IDEA  OF  HIS  WORK  AS  A  COMMISSIONER 


I  know  also  the  most 
incredible  difficulties 
with  which  you  have 
become  surrounded. 


We  have  greatly  im 
proved  the  standard  of 
discipline.  We  have  pre 
served  complete  order. 


We  have  warred 
against  crime  and  vico 
more  effectively  than 
ever  before. 


We  have  striven  to 
make  the  police  force 
the  terror  of  the  bur 
glar. 


(Based  on  T.  R.'s  letter  of  resignation  to  Mayor  Strong.) 
From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


CHAPTER  VII 


Preparing  the  Navy  for  War 


MR.  ROOSEVELT'S  duties  as 
Police  Commissioner  did  not 
prevent  his  taking  an  active 
part  in  the  Presidential  campaign  of 
1896  between  Mr.  McKinley  and  Mr. 
Bryan.  The  great  issue  was  that  of 
the  monetary  standards,  and  Mr. 
Roosevelt  opposed  the  Bryan  doctrine 
of  the  free  coinage  of  silver  with  an 
energy  that  came  near  leading  him  to 
a  misunderstanding  of  the  honest  mo 
tives  of  many  Western  people  whose 
virtues  in  a  general  way  he  understood 
so  well.  Though  not  a  technical  po 
litical  economist,  or  an  authority  in 
matters  of  monetary  science  and  fi 
nance,  Mr.  Roosevelt's  clear  and  well- 
trained  mind  led  him  to  the  firm  grasp 
of  sound  principles. 

There  was  still  work  for  him  to  do 
in   the    fight    for   municipal    reform    in 
New  York ;  but  the  national  conditions 


A    HARD    RACE    AGAINST    TIME 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


Copyright  by  Clinedinst,  Washington 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  IN  THE  NAVY  DEPARTMENT 


drew  him  again  to  Washington.  Even 
before  Mr.  Cleveland  went'out  of  office 
in  March,  1897,  there  was  a  high  and 
ever-rising  tide  of  American  public 
opinion  that  demanded  our  interven 
tion  in  Cuba  for  the  sake  of  ending  an 
intolerable  situation.  Our  commercial 
relations  with  Cuba  were  intimate  and 
important.  Spanish  administration  had 
been  selfish,  corrupt,  and  detrimental 
to  Cuba's  welfare. 

From  the  time  when  most  of  Spanish 
America  had  established  its  indepen 
dence  early  in  the  Nineteenth  Century, 
Cuban  revolutions  had  occurred  one 
after  another,  only  to  be  suppressed. 
But  in  1895  a  Cuban  revolt  occurred 


36 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 
"TEDDY     &OOSmLT£tJNi%  IN  WAR  AND 


t.nvEcr.Tfi  new  TOR*  SUHHAT.  AI-RIL  J.  .DM     nmmn  »  <  nrnnjum  LI 


JF* 


AS    ASSISTANT     SECRETARY  OF    THE    NAVY 
From  the  WorZd   (New  York) 

that  was  managed  with  skill  and  was  prepared  for  a  long  strug 
gle..  With  Cuba  lying  so  near  our  coasts,  and  with  a  good 
many  American  adventurers  helping  the  insurgents,  while 
arms  and  ammunition  were  constantly  smuggled  into  Cuba 
from  this  country  as  a  base  of  supplies,  the  situation  between 
our  government  and  that  of  Spain  had  ^grown  very  critical, 
when  Mr.  McKinley  was  inaugurated  in  March,  1897. 

The  Hon.  John  D.  Long,  of  Massachusetts,  was  made  Sec 
retary  of  the  Navy,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt,  who  had  felt  strongly 
the  necessity  of  Spanish  withdrawal  from  Cuba,  and  the  im 
portance  of  naval  preparation  on  our  part,  was  willing  enough 
to  take  the  post  of  assistant  secretary.  The  New  York  politi 
cal  machine  stood  in  the  way  at  first,  but  Senator  Platt's  re 
luctant  consent  was  given  at  length,  and  on  April  6  Mr.  Roose- . 
velt  was  duly  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  It 

was  understood  that  in  that  post  he  was  to  be  the  active  executive  officer  of  the  department. 
It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  our  navy  at  that  time  was  low  in  rank  and  that  European 
naval  authorities  considered  the  Spanish  navy  stronger  in  ships,  equipment  and  men  than 
ours.  There  was  real  fear  lest,  if  trouble  came,  Spain's  European  fleet  might  attack  the 
Atlantic  seaboard,  while  her  Asiatic  fleet,  with  headquarters  at  Manila,  might  occupy 
Honolulu  as  a  re-coaling  base  and  attack  San  Francisco. 


Preparing  the  Navy  for  War 


37 


HE  WMH.O  HURL  HIS  OWN  TORPEDO 


MR.    ROOSEVELT    AS    ASSISTANT    SECRETARY    OF    THE 
From  the  World   (New  York) 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  early 
studies  were  of  use  to  him 
in  his  new  post.  His 
preparation  of  the  volume 
on  our  naval  war  of  1812 
had  led  him  into  a  broad 
reading  of  naval  history. 
He  had  been  recognized 
in  Europe  as  a  naval 
writer,  and  had  been  asso 
ciated  with  Captain  Ma- 
han  in  certain  contribu 
tions  to  a  history  of  naval 
warfare.  His  remarkable 
energy  had  found  precisely 
the  work  that  was  most 
congenial  at  the  moment. 
He  cultivated  the  society 

of  the  ablest  naval  officers  AMERICA  AND  SPAIN  PREPARING  FOR  A  NAVAL  WAR 

in  Washington,  and  found  From  m  Ahuizotr  (Mexi-o) 


38 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


out  what  was  most  necessary  to  be  done.  He  had  to  fight  against  apathy  and  red-tape 
everywhere. 

It  has  been  characteristic  of  Mr.  Roosevelt  at  all  tirnes  that  he  has  known  whom  to 
consult,  and  where  and  how  to  find  out  what  things  should  be  done.  And,  having  found 
out,  he  has  had  the  force  and  energy  to  do  those  things  without  hesitation  and  with  sur 
prising  promptness. 

We  have  on  record  a  little  statement  of  his  own  which  pictures  the  things  he  found 
to  do  while  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy : 

"  Commodore  Dewey,  Captain  Evans,  Captain  Brownson,  Captain  Davis, — with  these  and  the  various 
other  naval  officers  on  duty  at  Washington,  I  used  to  hold  long  consultations,  during  which  we  went  over 
and  over  not  only  every  question  of  naval  administration  but  specifically  everything  necessary  to  do  in 
order  to  put  the  navy  in  trim  to  strike  quick  and  hard  if,  as  we  believed  to  be  the  case,  we  went  to  war 
with  Spain.  Sending  an  ample  quantity  of  ammunition  to  the  Asiatic  squadron  and  providing  it  with  coal ; 
getting  the  battleships  and  the  armored  cruisers  on  the  Atlantic  into  one  squadron,  both  to  train  them  in 
maneuvering  together,  and  to  have  them  ready  to  sail  against  either  the  Cuban  or  the  Spanish  coasts ;  gath 
ering  the  torpedo  boats  into  a  flotilla  for  practice;  securing  ample  target  exercise,  so  conducted  as  to  raise 
the  standard  of  our  marksmanship;  gathering  in  .the  small  ships  from  European  and  South  American 
waters ;  settling  on  the  number  and  kind  of  craft  needed  as  auxiliary  cruisers, — every  one  of  these  points 
was  threshed  over  in  conversations  with  officers  who  were  present  in  Washington,  or  in  correspondence 
with  officers  who,  like  Captain  Mahan,  were  absent." 

If,  at  the  moment,  in  some  of  this  work  Mr.  Roosevelt's  energy  was  not  appreciated 
by  his  superiors  in  the  McKinley  administration,  or  by  older  naval  officers  who  had  fallen 
into  easy-going  habits,  it  was  approved  by  the  country  as  a  whole ;  and  its  wisdom  was 
destined  to  be  admitted  by  everybody  before  the  mid-summer  of  1898.  The  late  Sena 
tor  Cushman  K.  Davis,  who  was  at  that  time  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations,  declared  that  "  If  it  had  not  been  for  Roosevelt,  Dewey  would  not  have  been 
able  to  strike  the  blow  that  he  dealt  at  Manila.  Roosevelt's  sagacity,  energy,  and 
promptness  saved  us." 


THE   NAVY    IS  READY 

From  the  Criterion    (New  York),   May,   1898. 


CHAPTER  VIII 

The  Rough  Rider  of  1898 

IN  the  opening  sentences  of  his  volume,  "The  Rough  Riders,"  Mr.  Roosevelt  says  that, 
while  his  party  was  still  out  of  power,  he  had  preached  with  all  the  fervor  and  zeal  he 
possessed  "  our  duty  to  intervene  in  Cuba  and  to  take  this  opportunity  of  driving  the 
Spaniard  from  the  Western  world."     And  he  goes  on  as  follows: 

"  Now  that  my  party  had  come  to  power,  I  felt  it  incumbent  on  me,  by  word  and  deed,  to  do  all  I  could 
to  secure  the  carrying  out  of  the  policy  in  which  I  so  heartily  believed ;  and  from  the  beginning  I  had  deter 
mined  that,  if  a  war  came,  somehow  or  other,  I  was  going  to  the  front.  Meanwhile,  there  was  any  amount 
of  work  at  hand  in  getting  ready  the  navy,  and  to  this  1  devoted  myself." 


War  was  declared  in  April,  1898.  The  navy  was  as  nearly  ready  as  it  could  be  made. 
Armies  can  be  somehow  improvised,  but  navies  require  planning  in  advance.  When  wars 
break  out,  naval  direction  must  pass  over  practically  to  the  strategists  and  to  the  high 
naval  officers.  Thus  Mr.  Roosevelt  felt  that  his  period  of  especial  usefulness  at  the  naval 
office  would  have  an  end. 

The  army  of  the  United  States  consisted  of  scattered  companies  and  fragments  of 
regiments,  located  at  posts  and  garrisons  extending  across  a  continent  and  comprising  al 
together  only  about  25,000  men.  It  is  within  bounds  to  say  that  for  a  great  many  years 
previous  to  the  Spanish  war,  no  officer  had  commanded, — even  for  the  drills,  maneuvers 
and  marching  of  peaceful  days, — as  many  United  States  troops  as  would  be  comprised  in 
three  full  regiments.  The  Spaniards  in  their  struggle  against  the  Cuban  insurrection  had 
massed  in  that  island  about  100,000  troops,  transported  from  Spain.  It  was  evident  that 


THE    ROUGH    RIDERS    BRINGING    THEIR    DYNAMITE    GUN    INTO    ACTION 


40 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  ROUGH  RIDERS  ON  A  PRACTICE  CHARGE 

we  should  have  to  do  something  more  than  gather  together  the  scattered  fragments  of 
our  regular  army.  It  was  necessary  to  issue  a  call  for  volunteer  troops,  and  this  Presi 
dent  McKinley  did  very  promptly. 

At  first,  Mr.  Roosevelt  thought  of  going  to  the  front  as  a  member  of  the  staff  of  one 
of  the  generals ;  but  some  obstacle  intervened,  and  when  it  was  proposed  to  form  a  vol 
unteer  cavalry  regiment  or  two  from  the  cowboys  and  horsemen  of  the  Western  plains, 
Mr.  Roosevelt  had  an  opportunity  to  form  such  an  organization  and  to  become  its  colo 
nel.  He  had,  however,  been  much  in  company  with  an  army  surgeon,  Dr.  Leonard  Wood, 
then  residing  in  Washington,  and  he  and  Dr.  Wood  had  found  themselves  in  entire  har 
mony  regarding  the  Cuban  question  and  the  military  situation.  Dr.  Wood  had  served 
in  campaigns  against  the  Apache  Indians,  where  he  had  won  credit  and  honor.  It  was 
arranged  that  Dr.  Wood  should  be  colonel  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
First  United  States  Volunteer  Cavalry.  Dr.  Wood  was  slated  for  early  promotion  to  a 
brigadier-generalship,  and  the  regiment  from  the  beginning  was  known  as  "  Colonel  Roose 
velt's  Rough  Riders." 

It  was  a  very  picturesque  organization,  and  remarkable  in  the  individual  efficiency  of 
its  members.  It  was  made  up  of  cowboys  from  Montana  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona, 
Texas  rangers,  young  Southern  horsemen  and  young  college  men  of  the  East  who  were 
accustomed  to  riding  and  shooting  and  fond  of  adventure.  The  regiment  arrived  in  Cuba 
in  time  to  participate  in  the  brief  but  very  real  campaign  near  Sanitago,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt 


The  Rough-Rider  of  1898 


41 


Copyrieht  by  Underwood  ,t  Underwood 

COL.    THEODORE    ROOSEVELT,    OF    THE    ROUGH    RIDERS 

acquitted  himself  in  a  soldierly  way  that  was  quite  in  keeping  with  qualities  that  had 
been  developed  by  the  accumulated  experiences  of  his  life.  In  his  earlier  New  York  ex 
perience  he  had  been  a  member  of  a  militia  company,  and  he  had  been  accustomed  to 
horses  and  firearms  from  school  boy  days. 

The  expansion  of  the  army  was  sudden,  and  we  were  quite  unprepared  at  Washing- 


42 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ROUGH  RIDERS   OF   THE   FALL  OF   1898 
From  Judge   (New  York) 

ton  to  manage  it  well  on  the  business  side. 
Many  volunteers  died  in  unsanitary  camps 
who  had  no  chance  to  go  near  the  seat  of 
war.  Commissary  supplies  were  misman 
aged,  our  soldiers  in  Cuba  were  badly  fed 
and  supplied,  and  we  were  obliged  to  face 
serious  scandals.  Mr.  Roosevelt's  experi 
ence  in  Cuba  gave  him  intimate  knowledge 
of  these  conditions,  and  his  protests  helped 
to  bring  about  some  drastic  reforms. 

Soon  after  the  war  was  over  Mr.  Elihu 
Root  became  Secretary  of  War,  and  there 
followed  a  thoroughgoing  reform  in  army 
administration.  Meanwhile  it  was  a  re 
markable  coincidence  that  a  man  who  was 
destined  so  soon  to  become  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  therefore  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  army  and  navy,  should  have 
served  at  a  critical  time  in  the  Navy  De 
partment  and  should  have  taken  part  con 
spicuously  as  a  soldier  at  the  front  in  the 
work  of  the  army.  The  story  of  the  Rough 

Riders  is  a  fascinating  book,  and  Roosevelt's  name,  more  than  that  of  any  other 
pant,  will  remain  associated  with  the  war  for  the  liberation  of  Cuba. 


Copyright  by  Puck,  1898.     By  Permission 

THE    ROUGH    RIDERS 

They  are  rough  on  the  Spaniards,  whether  they  ride 
or  walk. 

partici- 


"WE    HAVE    DISCOVERED    IN    MR.    ROOSEVELT    THE    MISSING    LINK" 

(Acceptable  to  Platt  and  the  machine  on  one  hand  and  to    Choate,  Low,  and  the  reform  wing  on  the  other.) 

From  the  World   (New  York) 

CHAPTER  IX 

As  Candidate  for  Governor 

IT  was  in  the  month  of  August,  1898, 
that  the  troops  came  back  from  Cuba 
in  bad  condition  from  improper  food 
and  supplies,  and  were  encamped  for  res 
toration   in   the   bracing   air   of   Montauk 
Point  at  the  eastern  end  of  Long  Island. 
There   the  Rough   Riders  remained  until 
they    were   mustered    out    and    disbanded 
on  September  15. 

The  people  of  New  York  were  about  to 
enter  upon  a  gubernatorial  campaign. 
The  Republicans  were  charged  with  hav 
ing  made  dishonest  use  of  money  appro 
priated  for  the  enlargement  of  the  State 
canals.  The  so-called  "  Raines  Law " 
had  provided  for  turning  the  saloons  of 

43 


INFORMATION   FOR   THE   COLONEL 

Boss  PLATT  TO  COL.  ROOSEVELT  :  "  It's  a  cinch,  Teddy." 

From  the  Herald  (New  York') 


44 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PLATT  AS   CYRANO   DE  BERGERAC 
From  the  Wbrld   (New  York) 

New  York  into  sham  hotels  to  evade  the 
Sunday  closing  law,  and  great  abuse  and 
scandal  had  resulted.  There  was  just  criti- 


j 


ROOSEVELT'S      CONDITION— AX      UNCONDITIONAL 

BY    THE    REPUBLICAN    MACHINE 
From    Puck.      Copyright    1808.      By   permission. 

cism  of  the  management  of  the  State  insur 
ance  department,  as  well  as  that  of  public 
works.  Mr.  Platt  was  at  the  height  of  his 
sway  as  Republican  boss,  and  his  followers 
had  in  so  far  abused  their  privileges  of  office 


EDITING  THE  COLONEL 
(No.  49  Broadway  was  Mr.  Platt's  business  address,  from 
which  he  was  supposed  to  direct  the  campaign.) 
From  the  World  (New  York) 


SIGNOR   TEDDUS   DARING   ATTEMPT 

(This  double  load  can't  be  carried  to  Albany.) 
From  the  Journal  (New  York) 


As  Candidate  for  Governor 


45 


BEWARE    OF    THE    GREEK    BEARING    GIFTS 

(Boss  Platt  as  leading  the  Trojan  horse.) 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


and  power  that  they  were  fac 
ing  an  almost  inevitable  defeat 
at  the  polls. 

It  looked  like  an  opportunity 
for  the  Democratic  machine ; 
and  the  Independents,  together 
with  many  Republicans  and 
Democrats  of  high  personal 
standing,  were  thinking  it  nec 
essary  to  nominate  a  third  can 
didate  against  the  machine 
tickets  of  the  two  parties.  Mr. 
Roosevelt  had  every  qualifica 
tion  by  his  previous  experiences 
to  lead  such  a  movement ;  be 
sides  which  his  fresh  popularity 
as  colonel  of  the  Rough  Riders, 
and  the  hero  of  San  Juan,  was 
sure  to  add  to  his  strength  as  a 
vote  getter. 

Colonel  Roosevelt,  however, 


could  not  forget  the  politi 
cal  crisis  of  1884,  and  he 
was  reluctant  to  take  any 
position    that    could    put 
him  outside  the  ranks  of 
the  Republican  party.    He 
agreed   under   certain  cir 
cumstances   to   accept   an 
independent     nomination, 
but  he  proposed  not  to  be 
a  candidate  until  after  he 
had  had  a  fair  chance  to 
see    what   his   own    party 
was    going    to    do.      Mr. 
Platt   and   his    chief   lieu 
tenants    were    thoroughly 
opposed  to  Roosevelt,  but 
they   were   facing   certain 
defeat  if  they  put  any  man 
known    to    be    identified 
with    themselves    at    the 
head  of  the  ticket.      The 
alternative  was  bitter  for 
them,  but   they   accepted 
Roosevelt. 
He  ran  as  a  straight  Re- 


"NO    TIME    FOR    SLUMBER" 

(The  Colonel   arouses  his  apathetic  party.) 
From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


46 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


HYPNOTIZED   BY    PLATT   AS    SVENGALI 

"  He  wept  with  delight  when  Platt  gave  him  a  smile, 
And  trembled  with  fear  at  his  frown." 
From  the  Journal   (New  York) 


BAGGED  HIS   GAME 

From  the  Tribune  (Minneapolis) 


THE  ROUGH  RIDER'S  LATEST  CHARGE 
From  the  World    (New  York) 

publican  and  gave  his  cordial  support  to  the 
other  names  on  the  Republican  ticket.  The 
cartoonists  were  much  concerned  through 
the  campaign  with  his  relations  to  Senator 
Platt  as  the  acknowledged  leader  of  the 
party  in  the  State.  Mr.  Roosevelt's  own 
point  of  view  was  clear  on  all  such  points. 
He  would  accept  no  man's  dictation  in  any 
thing  that  concerned  his  freedom  of  opinion 
or  utterance,  or  his  responsible  actions  as 
governor  in  case  of  his  election.  But  in  all 
things  where  custom  and  propriety  allowed 
him  to  act  as  a  member  of  his  party  he  was 
prepared  to  consult  cordially  and  fully  with 
those  who  were  the  official  heads  and  lead 
ers  of  the  party  organization.  He  was  will 
ing  to  listen  to  suggestions  from  such  lead 
ers  as  to  appointments  to  office,  but  would 
appoint  no  man  to  any  position  unless  he 
was  convinced  of  the  man's  honesty  and 
faithfulness,  and  of  his  entire  fitness  to  per 
form  the  duties  of  the  place  in  question. 

In  his  campaign  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  en 
tirely  frank  as  respects  administrative  scan 
dals.  He  promised  to  unearth  the  canal 
frauds  if  any  were  to  be  found,  and  to  deal 


As  Candidate  for  Governor 


47 


as  unsparingly  with 
wrong-doers  of  the  Re 
publican  party  as  if  they 
were  members  of  the  op 
posing  organization.  Up 
to  this  time  he  had  not 
had  much  experience  as  a 
public  speaker,  and  the 
leaders  were  strongly  op 
posed  to  his  taking  the 
stump  in  his  own  behalf. 
But  the  campaign  began 
apathetically,  and  Mr. 
Roosevelt,  with  his  un 
failing  instinct  for  the 
dramatic,  took  a  few  of 
his  cowboys  with  him,  al 
lowed  them  to  tell  the 
public  what  they  thought 
of  their  Colonel,  and  the 
Rough  Riders  drew  the 
crowds,  to  whom  the 
Colonel  appealed  with  his 

direct   promises  to  intro- 
From  the  Evening  Post  (Denver)  duce       reform       wherever 

needed.     He  was  elected  by  a  plurality  of   about  17,000  in  a  year  when  a  less  striking 
candidate  must  have  been  defeated  by  a  large  Democratic  plurality. 


THE  CHAMPION    ROUGH  RIDER    OF  THE   WORLD  . 


"AND    TEDDY    (ROOSEVELT)    COMES    MARCHING    HOME 

From  Judge   (New  York) 


CHAPTER   X 

In   the    Gubernatorial    Chair 


MR.  ROOSEVELT  began  his  term  as 
governor  with  a  message  to  the  legis 
lature  that  was  ringing  and  states 
manlike.  The  people  had  elected  a  Republi 
can  governor  charged  with  the  duty  of  re 
forming  conditions  that  the  Republicans 
themselves  had  brought  about.  Governor 
Roosevelt  appointed  Democratic  lawyers,  to 
gether  with  engineering  and  financial  ex 
perts,  to  examine  into  the  expenditures  of  the 
canal  millions.  The  Department  of  Public 
Works  was  reorganized  on  a  practical  busi 
ness  basis  with  proper  men  in  charge. 

In  the  other  departments  of  the  State  gov 
ernment,  the  process  of  shifting  things  from 
a  political  to  a  business  basis  was  quietly 
but  firmly  carried  out.  Great  improvements 
were  made  in  managing  charitable  and  penal 
institutions.  The  insurance  department  and 
the  bank  department,  under  control  of  the 
governor  of  New  York,  have  to  supervise 
the  insurance  companies,  and  the  banks  and 
trust  companies,  that  are  the  most  essential 

and  important  of  any  in  the  nation.    The  work  of  these   departments  was   reorganized  by 

Governor  Roosevelt,  though  the  task  cost  him  a  stubborn  fight. 

A  board  of  revision  was  appointed  to  give  New  York  an  improved  charter  in  view  of 


Copyright  1898  by  Rockwood. 

HON.    THEODORE    ROOSEVELT 
(As  Governor  of  New  York) 


"  JUST    WATCH    ME,    TEDDY  '.  " 
(Mr.  Platt  essaying  to  subdue  the  legislative  bronco.) 
From  the  World    (New  York) 


PLATT'S  POLITICAL   CEMETERY 
Prom  the  World   (New  York) 


In  the  Gubernatorial  Chair 


49 


GOVERNOR    ROOSEVELT'S    RINGING    MESSAGE    TO    THE    LEGISLATURE 

(At  the  beginning  of  his  term  as  Governor  of  New  York.) 
From  the  World   (New  York) 

the  recent  consolidation  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn.  The  educational  work  of  the 
State  was  improved,  and  in  many  ways  the 
social  welfare  of  the  people  of  the  Empire 
State  was  advanced  under  Mr.  Roosevelt's 
administration. 

The  subject  that  proved  in  the  end  to  have 
been  the  most  influential  in  its  bearing  upon 
Mr.  Roosevelt's  future  career  was  that  of 
State  taxation.  During  his  early  months  as 
governor,  a  State  senator,  the  Hon.  John 
Ford,  introduced  a  bill  designed  to  secure 
for  the  State  a  proper  revenue  from  public- 
service  corporations,  such  as  street  railway 
companies  and  gas  and  electric  lighting  ROOSEVKLT  :•' Hands  off,  Tommy !  I'U  do  the  driving  !•' 


companies,  which  were  in  the  enjoyment  of 
unlimited    and    perpetual    franchises.      The 


(Roosevelt  decides  at  the  very  start  to  be  an  un  unbossed 

Governor,  though  accused  of  obeying  Platt.) 

From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


50 


tf  .RO-FEEP  PUTT  HAS  LOST  MIS  SHEEP, 

8UT  HE  WOWS  WXZRZ  TO  HNB1  IT, 
OM,LEME  !T^L6>Wf  •  FT'ILE.  €@^i^W©W 
"-    •"  MNSKl®  !ToW 


GOVERNOR    ROOSEVELT    SHEARING    THE    PUBLIC   FRANCHISES   SHEEP   WITH   THE  FRAN- 
CHISE   TAX    SHEARS,   TO   THE   DISMAY    OF    MR.    PLATT 
The  three  cartoons  on  this  page  are  from  the  World  (New   York) 


C  OR  PO  RATIOAiSC:-  J| 


THE  BOSS'S  ANXIETY 

MR.  PLATT  TO  GOVERNOR  ROOSEVKLT  :  "  You 
wouldn't  rob  the  Old  Man,  would  you?" 

(Mr.  Platt  sees  the  possibility  of  campaign  con 
tributions  from  the  corporations  being  diverted  from 
the  party  by  the  proposed  franchise  tax.) 


A    CRITICAL    MOMENT    FOR    BOTH 

(Mr.  Platt  trying  to  lead  the  broncho,  Governor 
Roosevelt,  into  the  corporation  paddock,  during  the 
extra  session  of  the  Legislature  called  to  deal  with 
the  matter  of  a  franchise  tax.) 


In  the  Gubernatorial  Chair 


51 


"  NO  CHOICE  BETWEEN  ROTTEN  APPLES  " 

(The  apples  stand  for  the   Franchise  tax  ;  one   is 
labeled  "  Roosevelt  plan,"  the  other  "  Ford  plan  "- 
Doth  equally  distasteful  to  Mr.  Platt,  the  marketman.) 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


PLATT'S  TUMULTUOUS  TIMES   WITH   TEDDY 

PLATT,  THE  "  EASY  Boss's,"  LATKST  UTTERANCE  : 
"  Peace  Is  beautiful,  but  visionary.  It  is  not  for  this 
age." 

From   the   World    (New   York) 


street  railway  lines,  particularly  those  of  New  York  City,  had  been  formed  into  a  vast  mo 
nopoly,  capitalized  at  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  by  the  issuing  of  inflated  securities. 

Most  of  the  issues  of  stocks  and  bonds  were  based  upon  the  commercial  value  of  these 
franchises,  rather  than  upon  tangible  property.  Senator  Ford  held  that  such  franchises 
ought  to  be  assessed  at  their  market  value,  just  as  real  estate  is  assessed  for  purposes  of 
taxation. 

Public    opinion    and    the    best    newspapers    supported    him,    and    Governor    Roosevelt 


RECEIVING  A  LESSON   IN   HARMONY 

(Mr.  Platt,  who  had  some  talent  for  harmony,  both 
musical  and  political,  is  here  shown  as  giving  Roose 
velt  a  lesson.) 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


IN  AMBUSH  FOR  THE  ROUGH  RIDER 

(Croker  with  a  club  labeled  "  To  hell  with  re 
form,"  and  Platt  with  one  labeled  "  The  public  be 
damned.") 

From  the  World   (New  York) 


52 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


TEDDY   TO    THE    RESCUE   .OF    REPUBLICANISM 

(The  importance  to  the  Republican  party  of  the  Ohio 
campaign  of  1899,  for  its  bearing  on  the  nomination  of 
President  McKir.ley  for  a  second  term,  caused  the  party 
managers  to  draft  a  large  number  of  distinguished  office 
holders,  including  Governor  Roosevelt,  of  New  York,  for 
speeches  in  that  State.) 

From  the  Verdict  (New  York),  October  30,  1899 


THE  CANAL  STEAL  PUZZLE 

Will  Governor  Roosevelt  interpose  between  fraud  and 
justice  (in  the  matter  of  the  expenditure  of  the  Barge 
Canal  appropriation)? 

From  the  Verdict  (New  York),  January  2,  189!) 


ROOSEVELT'S.  IDEA    OF    REORGANIZATION 
(Governor  Roosevelt,  dealing  with  the  question  of  the 
reorganization    of    the    Police    Department    of    New    York 
City.) 

From  the  Verdict  (New  York),  March  IS.  1899 


EXCELSIOR  TEDDY 
"  Try  not  the  Pass,  the  Old  Man  said." 
(Mr.    Roosevelt    desired    a    second    term    as    Governor. 
The   nomination    "  Pass,"    however,    was   guarded    by    his 
political  enemies — hence  Mr.  Platt's  warning.) 
From  the  Verdict  (New  York) 


In  the  Gubernatorial  Chair 

feS^- 


53 


THE  STATE  SENATE  HAS  TURNED  TURTLE,  SWAMPING  THE  TUG  REFORM 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 

gave  Senator  Ford  the  backing  of  his  support 
in  so  far  as  the  principles  involved  in  the  Ford 
bill  were  concerned.  Senator  Platt's  Republi 
can  machine  and  Mr.  Croker's  Tammany  ma 
chine  were  alike  opposed  to  the  Ford  scheme  of 
taxing  corporation  franchises.  Both  political 
organizations  derived  a  great  part  of  their 
pecuniary  support  from  the  contributions  they 
were  accustomed  to  exact  from  the  very  set  of 
corporations  which  it  was  proposed  to  tax 
under  the  Ford  scheme. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  was  urged  in  high  and  influ 
ential  quarters  not  to  support  any  form  of  fran 
chise  tax.  But  he  stood  by  the  plan,  called  an 
extra  session  of  the  legislature,  and  with  the 
masses  of  the  people  behind  him,  put  the  bill 
"LOOK  OUT  FOR  THE  COP!';.  through  the  Senate  and  Assembly,  gave  it  his 

(Tammany    Hall    trying   to    rush    a    rapid    transit  J' 

plan  through  "Legislature  Avenue."    Roosevelt,  as         signature,  and  made  it  a  law.    This  action  was 

the  cop,  ready  to  smite  it  when  it  comes  up  for  his 

approval  at  Governor  street.)  typical     of    his     brilliant     administration     as 

From  the  World   (New  York)  o-Qvemor 

When  the  legislature  assembly  in  January,  1900,  Governor  Roosevelt  presented  to  it 
an  annual  message  of  great  scope  and  statesmanlike  ability,  in  which  he  discussed  the 
problem  of  commercial  monopolies  and  so-called  trusts,  and  dealt  broadly  with  the  poli 
cies  in  which  it  seemed  to  him  the  State  of  New  York  should  point  the  way  for  other  com 
monwealths.  He  was  looking  forward  to  renomination  as  governor  in  the  autumn  of  that 
year,  in  order  that  in  a  second  term  of  two  years  he  might  complete  the  program  he  "had 
laid  out  for  himself  as  chief  of  the  government  of  the  State  of  New  York. 


54 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


[Ie  breaketh  loose  from  college 


He  turneth  up  his  toes  in  the  race  for 
Mayor 


He  cow-puncheth 


He  worketh  the  Civil  Service  racket 

I  mam 


He  maketh  the  Police  Board  like  unto        He  becometh  part  of  the  whole  thing      He    leadeth   Rough    Riders    who   never 
a  dentist's  «hop  in  the  Navy  Department  rode 


He  announceth   independence  of  Platt      He  giveth   the   jay   information   about      He  worketh  the  tread-mill  for  T.  Platt 

the  canal  steal 

THE  CAREER  OF  TEDDY.— From  the  Verdict  (New  York),  November   6,  1899 


CHAPTER  XI 


Named  for  the  Vice-Presidency 

F>OR  American  politicians,  the  issues  of  a  Presidential  year  overshadow  all  other  affairs 
of  a  public  nature.     The  year  1900  was  one  of  much  political  excitement.     We  had 
acquired  the  Philippines  as  one  result  of  the  war  with  Spain.     Mr.  Bryan  and  the 
Democrats  were  attacking  the  McKinley  administration  on  the  new  issue  of  imperialism. 
Many  people  besides  the  Democrats  were  criticising  the  administration  because  of  Secre 
tary  Alger's  unpopular  management  of  the  War  Department.     Governor   Roosevelt  was 
stoutly  defending  the  expansion  policy,  and  our  acquisitions  in  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  but 
he  was  well  known  to  be  critical  of  the  War   Department.     The    State    Department    had 
blundered  frightfully  with  the  original  Hay-Pauncefote  Treaty,  and  Roosevelt  had  openly 
denounced  it  and  helped  to  prevent  its  ratification. 

The  administration  in  turn  was  not  devotedly  attached   to   Governor   Roosevelt,  and 
Secretary  Alger  had  failed  to  show  appreciation  of  the  war  record  of  the  gallant  colonel 


A    PAGE    FROM   ROOSEVELT'S    "  CROMWELL  " 

(Governor  Roosevelt's  hardest  personal  fight  had 
to  do  with  the  removal  of  Louis  F.  Payn,  a  well- 
known  politician,  as  State  Superintendent  of  Insur 
ance.) 

EXECUTIONER  PLATT   (to  Teddy  the  Leveler)  :  "  I 
pray   thee,    remember   1904.      Thine   intended   victim 
[Payn]  is  somewhat  of  a  leveler  himself." 
From  the  Verdict  (New  York) 


THE  TWO  TEDDY  ROOSEVELTS 

("To  be  independent  of  Platt, 
HE  WASN'T  AFKAID-!  To  punish  canal  thieves, 

(.To  refuse  the  Vice-Presidency  ; 

("He  hasn't  been  independent  of  Platt, 
BUT  j  He  let  the  thieves  get  away, 

1  And  he's  breaking  his  neck'  for  the  Vlce-Presi- 
(.      dency  ; 

UECAUSE  HE'S  AFRAID  OF  PLATT 

From  the  Verdict  (New  York) 


56 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career   , 


"HERE,    HERE,    WHAT'S    THIS?" 

(Mr.    Platt    conferring   with   Roosevelt   about    the    Presidential    nomination    for    1900.      President    McKinley, 
himself   a   candidate   for   renomination,    appears   as   an    interested    listener.) 

From  the  World  (New  York) 

of  the  Rough  Riders.  It  was  supposed  that  the  Secretary  was  endeavoring  to  keep  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  name  off  the  list  of  those  to  whom  Congress  was  voting  medals  of  honor. 

No  President  ever  approaches  the  time  of  his  renomination  without  discovering  that 
there  are  numerous  people  who  would  prefer  to  try  a  new  candidate.  Many  critics  of  the 
administration  were  proposing  to  deprive  McKinley  of  a  second  term,  and  to  nominate 
Roosevelt-  at  Philadelphia  in  1900.  The  more  practical  party  managers,  however,  saw 
that  the  logic  of  the  situation  called  for  a  second  McKinley  term. 

The  friends  and  admirers  of  Mr.  Roosevelt  were  planning  to  elect  him  in  the  fall  of 


Named  for  the  Vice- Presidency 


57 


mil. 

TROUBLE    WITH    THE    PHILIPPINE    BRONCHO 
UNCLE   SAM  :  "  Say,  Mr.   McKinley,   why  don't  you  get 
a  professional   like   Roosevelt    to   ride   that   broncho  ?"- 
From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


"  THE      LIGHT      AND      SHADOW      OF 
1900  " 

(Roosevelt  is  represented  as  the  ris 
ing  sun  of  1900,  while  Alger  and  the 
army  scandals  throw  a  shadow  over  Pres 
ident  McKinley.) 

From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


SECRETARY  ALGER:   "You're  one  of  the  round-robins;  you    don't  get  a  medal." 

(Colonel  Roosevelt  with  other  officers  in  Cuba  had  sent  a  "  round-robin  "  letter  to  the  War  Depart 
ment  protesting  against  bad  commissary  supplies  and  retention  of  sick  in  service,  and  this  had  been  regarded 
as  a  breach  of  military  discipline.) — From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


58 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


fin 


THE    VICE-PRESIDENCY 

ROOSEVELT:   "What!     Me?     Never!     I'll  be  the  whole  show  or  nothin' 
From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


THE   ROUGH   RIDER'S   EYES   ON  THE  WHITE    HOUSE 

From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


Named  for  the  Vice- Presidency 


59 


IS   HE   SETTING   THE    SWITCH   FOR   THE  ROOSEVELT  FLYER? 
From  the  Tribune   (New  York) 

1900  to  a  second  term  as  governor,  and  to  bring  him  forward  as  their  Presidential  candi 
date  in  1904.  Mr.  Roosevelt's  enemies,  however,  had  a  different  program.  The  Vice- 
Presidency  had  always  been  regarded  as  a  somewhat  empty  honor  and  as  a  place  for  dis 
posing  of  men  who  were  not  wanted  in  active  politics.  The  corporations  that  had  op 
posed  the  franchise  tax,  and  that  were  very  close  to  the  Republican  boss,  Senator  Platt, 
were  determined  to  have  some  other  man  for  governor.  Roosevelt  was  too  strong  to  be 
defeated  in  a  direct  fight.  The  only  plan  they  could  devise  was  to  have  him  run  for 
Yice-President  on  the  ticket  with  Mr.  McKinley. 


"  NAY,   NAY  !  " 
From  the  World  (New  York) 


THE  MAN  ON  HORSEBACK 
From  the  World  (New  York) 


60 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


"  Yes,  AVillie,  here  is  a  nice  little  hoy  Nursie  and  I  have        ••  What  ails  you    Willie?  " 

found  to  play  with  you.     Treat  him  kindly,  as  he  is  very        -  Look  at  tha't  campaign' banner  that  Teddv  has  painted  <  ' 
timid  and  retiring." 


•  m 


"Goodness  me,  Willie,  what  ails  you  this  time?" 

"  We're  playing  Republican  Campaign  Trip,  and  Teddy's  "  Yes.  Willie,  Nursie  has  to  suppress  Teddy  when  his 

making  all  the  speeches  from  the  rear  platform,  and  he  rlch  uncle  is  visiting  us.  He  says  too  many  foolish 

says  I'm  merely  a  brakeman."  things." 

(These  clever  cartoons  by  Mr.  Frederick  B.  Opper  appeared  in  a  series  entitled  "Willie  and  His  Papa, 
and  the  Rest  of  the  Family,"  published  in  the  New  York  Evening  Journal  during  the  years  1900  and  1901. 
"  Willie "  referred  to  President  McKinley.  "  Papa "  was  the  Trusts,  "  Nursie "  represented  Mr.  Hanna, 
while  the  active  little  figure  in  the  Rough  Rider  costume  stood,  of  course,  for  the  irrepressible  "  Teddy."  Other 
prominent  personalities,  comprising  the  "  Rest  of  the  Family,"  were  occasionally  introduced  by  Mr.  Opper 
into  the  drawings  of  the  series.) 


Named  for  the  Vice-Presidency 


61 


\ 


COMPARISONS    ARE    ODIOUS 

(Why   Ilanna  does  not  want  Teddy  riding  behind  Mc- 
Kinley   in    1900.) 

From  the  Verdict  (New  York),  January  1,  1900 


CUTTING   OUT  THE  YEARLING 

TEDDY  :    "  I  must  get  my  own  brand  on  this  calf  before 
he    gets    into    the    Trust    Herd.'' 

(Referring  to  Mr.  Roosevelt's  aspirations  for  the  Presi 
dential    nomination    of    1004.) 

From  the  Verdict   (New  York),  May  7,  1900 


TEDDY   BESIEGED 

With  a  liberal  supply  of  gubernatorial  mule  meat,  he 
may  be  able  to  hold  out  till  1904. 

(Governor  Roosevelt,  being  pressed  by  Platt  and  Quay 
to  accept  the  Vice-Presidential  nomination  of  1900,  in 
order  to  eliminate  him  from  active  politics.) 

From  the  Verdict  (New  York),  May  14,  1900 


THE    TAIL    OF    THE    PRESIDENTIAL    KITE 

(The  "  Rough  Rider  "  tail  to  the  McKinley  kite  of  1900.) 

From   (he   Verdict    (New   York).   July   9,   1900 


62 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


GOVERNOR    ROOSEVELT    IN    THE    CONVENTION 

(Senator  Depew  is  on  the  extreme  left,  and  the  other  three  standing  figures  are  Governor  Roosevelt,  Dr. 
Leslie  D.  Ward,  and  Hon.  B.  B.  Odell,  Jr.  Senator  Platt's  face  is  partly  shown  in  the  lower  right-hand 
corner.  The  illustration  is  from  one  of  the  remarkable  convention  photographs  taken  by  the  New  York 
Tribune,  by  whose  courtesy  we  use  it.) 

As  early  as  February,  Governor  Roosevelt  had  issued  a  frank  statement  saying  that 
under  no  circumstances  would  he  accept  a  nomination  to  the  Vice-Presidency,  and  declar 
ing  his  desire  to  serve  the  people  of  New  York  in  a  second  term  as  governor.  He  went 
to  the  Philadelphia  convention  as  chairman  of  the  delegates  from  New  York.  The  street 
railroad  magnates  had  arranged,  through  Senator  Quay,  to  have  Pennsylvania  lead  in  the 
movement  to  make  Roosevelt  the  Vice-Presidential  candidate.  Mr.  McKinley  and  his 
manager,  Senator  Hanna,  had  other  plans,  but  there  was  an  insistent  demand  for  Roose 
velt  from  the  Western  States  where  Bryan  was  very  strong.  Many  of  these  Western  dele 
gates  asserted  openly  that  they  were  prepared  to  abandon  McKinley  and  make  Roose 
velt  the  head  of  the  ticket.  The  pressure  became  irresistible  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  finally 
abandoned  his  preference. 

Messrs.  Platt,  Quay,  and  the  corporations  had  undoubtedly  started  the  movement. 
They  would  not  have  prevailed,  however,  but  for  the  genuine  Roosevelt  sentiment  in  the 
West.  Roosevelt  accepted  the  nomination  for  the  Vice-Presidency  not  at  the  hands  of 
his  enemies,  but  at  the  hands  of  his  friends.  He  felt  that  he  \vas  giving  up  his  best 
chance  for  usefulness,  as  well  as  his  probable  fviture  preferment.  But  it  seemed  to  be  his 
duty,  and  it  was  always  Mr.  Roosevelt's  way  to  try  to  face  the  immediate  emergency  in 
honorable  fashion  and  let  the  future  take  care  of  itself. 


/ 


Named  For  the  Vice-Presidency 


63 


ROOSEVELT    CANNOT   GET   AWAY    FROM   THIS    STAMPEDE,    LED    BY    PENNSYLVANIA 

From  the  Inquirer   (Philadelphia) 

At  almost  every  stage  in  his  career  he  had  illustrated  the  principle  that  the  best  way 
to  save  one's  life  is  to  seem  to  lose  it  at  the  call  of  duty.  The  New  York  political  machine 
chuckled  and  sneered,  and  the  enemies  that  Roosevelt  had  made  through  his  honest  and 
vigorous  administration  as  governor  thought  that  Samson  was  shorn  of  his  locks.  If  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  friends  were  a  little  disheartened,  the  governor  himself  was  cheerful  and 
buoyant.  He  had  done  his  best,  he  was  still  young,  and  very  much  interested  in  the  pass 
ing  show,  and  he  had  never  allowed  himself  to  be  the  victim  of  ambition. 


^wW 


ROUNDED    UP 

(Expressing  the  belief  that  the  bosses  had  captured  Roosevelt) 
From  the  Journal  (New  York) 


SENATOR   MARK  HANNA,  of  Ohio,  who  was  President  McKinley's  close  friend  and 
political  manager,  was  at  this  time  chairman  of  the  National  Republican  Committee. 
Mr.  Bryan,   (who  had  also  volunteered  in  the  Spanish  war,  and  had  been  made  a 
colonel  of  volunteers,  though  he  had  not  reached  the   front)    was  again   the   Democratic 
nominee  for  the  Presidency.     He  was  the  most  skilful  and  assiduous  campaign  speaker  in 
the  country.     His  chances  for  election  were  not  regarded  as  by  any  means  hopeless. 


THE  TAIL  NOW  THREATENS  TO  WAGGLE  THE 
DOG 

From   the    Times-Democrat    (New   Orleans) 

Many  of  the  best  minds  of  the  country, 
Republicans  as  well  as  Democrats,  were 
profoundly  opposed  to  the  policy  of  acquir 
ing  the  Philippines,  with  its  attendant  re 
organization  of  the  army  and  navy  on  a  per 
manent  scale  of  great  costliness,  and  its  in 
evitable  sequel  of  new  and  untried  adven 
tures  as  a  world  power.  Some  one  had  to 
defend  these  policies  on  the  stump,  in  a  tell 
ing  way,  on  behalf  of  the  Republican  ticket. 
Mr.  Roosevelt,  by  common  consent  and  de 
mand,  was  the  man  to  speak  for  his  party. 


MARCUS  AUKELIUS  (HANXA)  TO  THEODORIUS  : 
"  That  general  [Apathy]  must  he  ousted,  or  we'll 
fall  without  the  breastworks." 

From  the  Times  (Minneapolis) 


\  ^^5r^^^^^^v^^>^    ."'  * 

^ "  v^|^l|p^^^^ ' 
"W*?^.  "-^/i1/^,  ^  -^  S  ^^^Q_ 


STANDING   T,Y   THE    PRESIDENT 

From  the  Worl'l   (New  York) 


His  First  National  Stumping  Tour 


65 


He  had,  while  serving  his 
first  year  as  governor,  made  a 
notable  address  before  the 
Hamilton  Club  at  Chicago, — 
not  a  stump  harangue,  but  a 
carefully  written  oration, — in 
championship  of  the  doctrine 
that  the  United  States  had 
grown  into  a  maturity  of  in 
fluence  and  power  which  re 
quired  the  assumption  of  a  full 
share  of  responsibility  for  the 
affairs  of  the  world  at  large. 
In  his  earlier  years,  Mr.  Roose 
velt,  as  we  have  said,  had  not 
been  an  accomplished  public 
speaker.  He  had  been  forcible 
and  direct  as  a  debater  in  the 
New  York  legislature,  but  he 
was  not  an  orator,  and  had 
none  of  those  easy  gifts  and 
tricks  of  speech  so  common 
among  American  politicians 
and  so  highly  developed  by 
the  professional  platform  ora 
tors  of  Mr.  Bryan's  type. 


BRANDED,    BUT   NOT   BROKEN 
Prom  Puck.     Copyright,  1900.     By  permission 


THE    WILD    EASTERN    TERROR    IN    THE    MILD 

WEST 
From  the  Chronicle  (Chicago) 


APPROACHING    NEBRASKA 
BRYAX  :  "  That  looks  like  a  bad  storm  coming.' 
Prom  the  Journal    (Minneapolis) 


66 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


His  First  National  Stumping  Tour 


67 


THE    "ROUGH"    IDEA    IN    POLITICS 
TEDDY  :  "  Ah !  just  what  was  needed  to  carry  out  the  effect." 

(Mr.  Roosevelt's  speech  at  Cripple  Creek  was  interrupted  by  a  mob  that    threw  missiles  of  all  sorts) 

From  the  Evening  ^eics   (Detroit) 

Mr.  Roosevelt  had  improved,  however, 
in  this  regard,  not  so  much  through  prac 
tice  or  through  taking  thought  as  to  his 
platform  manner  or  diction,  as  through 
the  maturing  of  his  convictions  and 
knowledge  and  the  corresponding  in 
crease  in  the  value  and  range  of  the 
things  he  had  to  say.  It  is  usually  the 
case  that  the  man  who  is  on  the  one  hand 
a  student  and  on  the  other  hand  a  man 
of  action,  will  succeed  well  enough  in 
public  debate  or  on  the  stump  when  real 
occasions  present  themselves. 

Thus  Governor  Roosevelt  in  his  capac 
ity  as  "  running  mate  "  with  President 
McKinley  made  a  great  speaking  cam 
paign  throughout  the  United  States  in 
the  summer  and  autumn  of  1900.  He  was 
aided  by  his  splendid  physical  vitality; 
and  his  speaking  grew  more  effective  day 

THE    POLITICAL    LOCHINVAR'S    SUCCESSFUL  after  da  Re   wag   neyer  lackjncr  jn   that 

RIDE  ,J 

From  the  journal  (Minneapolis)  mysterious    attribute    of    magnetic    per- 


68 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


His  First  National  Stumping  Tour 


69 


THE    PROGRESS    OP    THE    CAMPAIGN — ROOSEVELT 
STUMPING    IN    THE    WEST 
Prom  tho  Times  (Washington) 


MARK    (HANNA)    LEADING    TEDDY 
From  the  Neics  (Chicago) 


sonality  that  brings  audiences  together,  and  keeps  them  attentive  to  the  speaker's  words. 

And  his  honesty  and  sincerity,  together  with  the  strength  of  his  convictions,  were 
bound  to  impress  his  audiences.  There  are  some  men  who  can  never  carry  with  them  a 
campaign  audience,  because  of  their  own  lack  of  party  spirit  and  because  certain  quali 
ties  of  mind  compel  them  to  see  both  sides  at  once,  so  that  they  cannot  lose  the  impartial 
and  judicial  spirit  of  history.  They  are  hampered  by  philosophic  doubts.  Mr.  Roosevelt, 
though  a  profound  historical  student,  was  even  more  the  born  fighter  and  the  man  of  action. 

His  mind  was  always  decisive.  The  issue  before  him  took  on  ethical  aspects,  and  he 
saw  his  own  side  clearly  right  and  the  other  side  essentially  wrong. 

To  the  group  of  anti-imperialists,  Mr.  Roosevelt's  doctrines  were  abhorrent.  Their 
timid,  narrow,  negative  point  of  view  was  equally  abhorrent  to  his  bold  and  positive  mind. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  made  a  tour  in  that  campaign  of  22,000  miles,  made  five  or  six  hun 
dred  speeches  of  considerable  length,  was  the  notable  figure  of  the  season, — as  he  had 
been  of  the  Philadelphia  convention, — directly  addressed  from  3,000,000  to  4,000,000  peo 
ple,  and  in  the  course  of  four  months  had  placed  himself  in  the  rank  of  the  half-dozen 
most  effective  platform  and  campaign  speakers  in  the  entire  political  history  of  the  country. 


TMEMXINLEY  THEDEWEY  THE  ROOSEVELT  THE  BRYAN 

LEADING  FALL  STYLES  OF  HEAD-WEAR  FOB  THE  YEAE   1900. — From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


CHAPTER  XIII 

A  Half- Year  as  Vice- 
President 

AFTER  the  election  early  in  No 
vember,  Mr.  Roosevelt  had  still 
to  serve  nearly  two  months  as 
governor  at  Albany.  He  had  then  an 
interval  of  two  months  in  which  to  pre 
pare  for  changing  his  residence  to 
Washington  and  assuming  the  dignities 
of  the  Vice-Presidency  after  the  4th  of 
March.  He  quietly  resumed  his  literary 
work  (he  had  already  written  in  1898  his 
famous  book,  "  The  Rough  Riders,"  and 
in  1899,  while  governor,  had  written  a 
characteristic  life  of  "  Oliver  Crom 
well  "),  spent  a  much-needed  winter 
vacation  hunting  the  cougar,  or  moun 
tain  lion,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  with 
pen  as  well  as  with  gun,  and  reconciled 
himself  to  the  prospects  of  four  years  of 


OUR    VICE-PRESIDENT-ELECT 

From  the  Times   (Washington) 


THE  ELECTION  OF  McKINLEY  AND  ROOSEVELT 

G.  O.  P.  :  "  Four — four — four  years  more." 

From  the  World  (New  York) 


PRESIDING  OVER  THE  SENATE 
From  the  Post   (Washington) 


A  Half -Year  as  Vice-President 


71 


WILLIE   (McKINLEY)  AND  HIS  PAPA  (THE  TRUSTS) 

THE  TRUSTS  :  "  No,  Teddy,  you  haven't  got  a  living 
show  for  that  piece  of  pie  (the  Presidential  nomination  of 
1904)  ;  nursie  (Hanna)  has  her  eye  on  it." 


From  the  Journal  (New  York) 


RUSHING    THE    BABY    SHOW 

UNCLE   SAM:    "You're   altogether   too   early,   ladies;    the   show    doesn't 
open  for  a  good  while  yet." 

From  the  Journal   (New  York) 


SURE    THING 

"  EASY   Boss  "   PLATT  :    "  New   York   will   furnish 
the  next  President." 
ROOSEVELT    ~| 

REED  v_«  j  wonder  if  he  means  me  !  " 

ODELI.  ( 

ROOT  j 

From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


self-repressed,  observ 
ant,  and  studious  life  in 
the  functionless  office  of 
Vice-President. 

The  Senate  was  con 
vened  for  a  brief  session 
in  March  to  confirm  the 
President's  appoint 
ments.  And  thus  Mr. 
Roosevelt  had  his  op 
portunity  to  sit  as  its 
presiding  officer  for  a 
few  days.  The  regular 
session  was  not  to  begin 
until  the  first  week  in 
December,  and  it  so 
happened  that  this  brief 
experience  in  March 
completed  his  service  as 
presiding  officer  of  the 
Senate. 

Already  the  politicians 
were  looking  forward  to 
the  year  1904.  They 


72 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


"  Why,  Willie,  you  seem  angry.     What  is  irritating  you?  " 
"  Teddy  is  getting  up  a  '  Hall  of  Fame,'  and  I  ain't  in  it." 


"  Crying  again,  Willie?     What  is  it  now?" 
"  Teddy  Isn't  satisfied  with  riding  his  horse  ;  he  wants 
to  ride  the  elephant,  too." 


"Well,  well,  Willie;  what  is  it  this  time?" 
"  We're  playing  Republican  minstrels,  and  Teddy  wants 
to  be  the  two  end  men  and  the  middleman,  too." 


"What's  the  row  here,   Willie?" 

"  Teddy  is  going  out  to  Meeker,  Colorado,  next  week  to 
shoot  mountain  lions,  and  he's  practicing  a  little  before 
hand." 


(Another  group  of  cartoons  taken  from  Mr.  Opper's  series  of  "Willie  and  His  Papa."  These  also  ap 
peared  in  the  Evening  Journal,  of  New  York,  after  the  election  of  the  McKinley-Roosevelt  ticket  in  the  fall  of 
1900,  and  during  Mr.  Roosevelt's  brief  period  of  service  as  Vice-President.) 


A  Half -Year  as  Vice-President 


73 


supposed  that  Mr.  Odell,  or  possibly  ex-Speaker 
Reed  (who  had  retired  from  Congress  and  had 
come  to  New  York  to  practice  law),  might  secure 
the  support  of  the  Xew  York  delegation  and  carry 
off  the  Presidential  honors.  Mr.  Roosevelt,  how 
ever,  with  no  machine  behind  him,  had  won  hosts 
of  ardent  friends  throughout  the  country  in  typ 
ical  groups,  like  the  Hamilton  Club,  of  Chicago, 
and  other  Western  organizations.  Many  of  those 
who  had  professed  to  be  his  close  political  friends 
in  fair  weather,  had  sought  other  political  society. 
Among  the  time-serving  politicians,  Roosevelt's 
stock  had  declined  to  a  low  figure.  Few  men  are 
so  little  able  to  discern  the  real  signs  of  the  times 
in  American  politics  as  the  machine  leaders. 
They  know  the  rules  of  the  game  as  they  play  it 
themselves,  but  the  larger  forces  of  public  opin 
ion  are  quantities  that  they  can  never  estimate. 

At  the  very  time  in  July  and  August,  1901, 
when  they  were  most  certain  that  Mr.  Roosevelt 
had  been  excluded  from  influence  and  power  in 
the  politics  of  his  own  State,  and  sidetracked  from 
a  career  that  would  have  led  to  the  Presidency  or 
to  the  Senate,  the  Roosevelt  movement  was,  in 
fact,  taking  on  strength  and  form  throughout  the 
whole  country.  Hosts  of  influential  men  were 
joining  in  it,  though  mainly  without  the  cogni 
zance  of  the  old-fashioned  professional  politicians. 
The  men  of  the  earlier  political  type  could 
not  understand  that  a  new  era  had  dawned 
in  American  affairs.  With  the  rising  men  of  a  new  generation,  Roosevelt  was  stronger 
than  any  one  else.  These  men  had  made  it  plain  to  Mr.  Roosevelt  that  they  were  deter 
mined  to  control  the  national  convention  in  his  interest  in  1904;  and  while  he  was  taking 
no  active  steps  himself,  he  could  not  refuse  to  listen  and  to  observe. 

Meanwhile  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  determined  to  be  ready  for  whatever  might  happen. 
He  resumed  the  reading  of  law  that  had  been  interrupted  by  his  election  to  the  legisla 
ture  exactly  twenty  years  before.  His  repute  was  such  that  he  could  not  have  failed  at 
the  end  of  four  years  in  the  Vice-Presidency  to  form  connections  that  would  enable  him 
to  earn  an  easy  competence  at  the  bar. 

He  laid  out  projects,  moreover,  for  literary  work;  and  proposed  to  use  his  sojourn 
in  Washington  and  his  seat  in  the  presiding  chair  of  the  Senate  to  add  every  day  to  his 
already  extraordinary  knowledge  of  the  men  and  the  subjects  about  which  a  President  ought 
to  be  well  informed. 

For  a  good  while  previous  to  the  convention  of  1900,  the  Vice-Presidency  had  as  a 
rule  been  regarded  with. disfavor  by  men  of  ambition,  and  had  usually  been  conferred  upon 
men  either  of  advanced  years  or  comparative  obscurity.  Roosevelt's  fame  and  position 
were  already  national,  he  had  youth  in  his  favor,  and  he  could  afford  to  take  his  chances 
in  a  great  country  where  opportunities,  whether  in  public  or  in  private  life,  seemed  well- 
nigh  boundless. 


THE    FOURTH    OF   MARCH,    1901 

(A  photograph  taken  on  the  day  when  Theodore 
Roosevelt  was  sworn  in  as  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States.) 


REINCARNATION 

(President  Roosevelt  making  the  statement:   "It  shall  be  my  aim   to  continue  absolutely  unbroken  the  policy 

of   President    McKinley." ) — From   Judge. 


CHAPTER  XIV 


Assuming  the  Presidency 


IN  September,  1901,  Mr.  Roosevelt  was 
spending  a  few  days  in  the  wilderness 
of  the  Adirondacks.  President  McKin 
ley  had  gone  to  Buffalo,  New  York,  to  visit 
the  Pan-American  Exposition  and  make  an 
address.  It  was  on  September  6  that  the 
country  and  the  world  were  shocked  by  the 
news  of  the  shooting  of  Mr.  McKinley  at  the 
hands  of  an  anarchist.  Mr.  Roosevelt  was 
found  and  hurried  to  Buffalo,  where  the 
cabinet  was  gathered,  awaiting  the  inevi 
table  end. 

Mr.  McKinley  died  on  the  I4th,  and  Mr. 
Roosevelt  at  once  took  the  oath  of  office  at 
Buffalo.  In  Mr.  McKinley's  first  term,  Mr. 
Hobart,  of  New  Jersey,  had  been  Vice-Presi 
dent,  and  it  had  been  Mr.  McKinley's 
method  to  treat  Mr.  Hobart  as  a  close  per 
sonal  and  official  adviser,  rather  than  to  hold 
him  aloof.  If  Mr.  Hobart  had  lived,  he 
would  have  been  renominated  in  IQOO.  and 


HIS    DECLARATION    OF    INDEPENDENCE 

(Apropos    of    President    Roosevelt's    policy    with    re 
gard  to  appointments  to  office.) 

From  Puck.     Copyright,  1901.     By  permission 


Assuming  the  Presidency 


75 


PUNCH,    OR  THE   LONDON   CHARIVARI.— SEPTEMBER  25,  1901. 


1  THE   BOUGH 

WITH   MR.    PUNCH'S   BEST    WISHES   TO   PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT. 


76 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


VACCINATING   THE   TRUSTS 

Give  the  doctor  time  ;  his  patient  has  a  lot  of  arms 
that  need  attention. 

From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


A    GLIMPSE    INTO    THE    FUTURE. — FAST    AND 

TIGHT 

(President    Roosevelt    endeavoring    to    regulate    the 

trusts  by  proper  Government  control.) 

From  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Paul) 


Mr.  Roosevelt's  career,  however  distinguished,  must  have  been  different  in  its  external 
facts.  When  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  selected  at  Philadelphia,  Mr.  McKinley  promptly  as 
sured  him  that  if  the  ticket  should  be  elected,  he  would  expect  to  treat  Mr.  Roose- 


THE  TARIFF-REVISION   HORSE  AND  THE  CON 
GRESSIONAL    RIDER 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  :  "  I  could  ride  that  critter, 
but  I  haven't  any  intention  of  trying  it." 
From  the  Tribune  (Minneapolis) 


THE  ROUGH  RIDER  TO  THE  RESCUE 

(President   Roosevelt  assisting  in  the  completion  of 
a  reciprocity  treaty  with  Cuba.) 

From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


Assuming  the  Presidency 


77 


THE  AMERICAN  HERCULES 

(A  Swiss  tribute  to  President  Roosevelt.     After  the  as 
sassination    of    President    McKinley    President    Roosevelt 
took  vigorous  measures  against  Anarchists.) 
From  ycbelspallcr  (Zurich) 


THE  NEW  BROTHERHOOD  OF  STRENUOSITY 

(Apropos    of    the    German    Emperor's    request    as    to    his 
American  yacht.) 

From  the  yorth  American  (Philadelphia) 


velt  exactly  as  he  had  treated  Mr.  Hobart.     Mr.  McKinley  had  been  true  to  this  promise 

in  so  far  as  he  had  found  opportunity. 

Mr.  Roosevelt,  furthermore,  was  on  terms  of.  personal  friendship  with  several  mem 
bers  of  Mr.  McKinley's  cabinet.  In 
an  article  prepared  at  the  request  of 
the  present  writer,  for  the  REVIEW  OF 
REVIEWS,  in  1896,  Mr.  Roosevelt  had 
discussed  the  office  of  Vice-President, 
and  had  held  that  its  incumbent 
should  have  close  and  harmonious  re 
lations  with  the  President  and  the 
cabinet  in  order  to  preserve  continu 
ity  of  policy  and  of  administrative 
work  in  case  of  his  being  called  to  the 
executive  chair  through  the  Presi 
dent's  death. 

Mr.  Roosevelt,  therefore,  did  not 
have  to  hesitate  or  take  counsel  in 
September,  in  order  to  decide  pre 
cisely  what  his  general  course  of 
action  should  be.  Because  he  knew 
his  own  mind,  he  was  able  to  give  the 
country  instant  and  welcome  reas 
surance.  The  fact  that  he  was  de 
votedly  loyal  to  Mr.  McKinley  and  a 
supporter  of  the  administration's 


BRER    LION    AND    BRER    EAGLE 

"  I  ain't  gwineter  peck  yo'  tail,  Brer  Lion,"  sez  Brer 
Eagle,  sezee ;  "  but  aen  agin,  I  ain't  gwineter  gush  'bout  yo'. 
Brer  Lion  he  'low  dey  kin  git  'long  fine  on  dat  track.", 

("He  has  never  gushed  over  England;  nevertheless,  his 
admiration  and  respect  for  England  are  sincere."  Daily 
Chronicle  correspondent  on  President  Roosevelt's  Policy.) 
From  the  Westminster  Budget 


78 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE    NATION    ENDORSES    PRESIDENT    ROOSE 
VELT'S  COURSE 
From   the   Times    (Minneapolis) 

policies,  made   it  the   easier  for  him  to   as 
sume  his  new  responsibilities. 

He  immediately  declared  that  it  would  be 
his  intention  to  carry  out  unbroken  the 
pending  plans  and  policies  of  the  administra 
tion  in  accordance  with  Mr.  McKinley's 
well-known  views.  He  further  invited  every 


THE   WASHINGTON    SCHOOLMASTER 
From  tho  Chronicle  (Chicago) 


ROOSEVELT'S    BIGGEST    GAME 

From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


Assuming  the  Presidency 


79 


ANOTHER    DEMOCRATIC    DISASTER 

(President   Roosevelt,   by   his   anti-trust   legislation   and  his  settlement  of  the  coal  strike,  has  pulled  out  the 
main  supports  of  the  Democratic  platform  for  the  impending  campaign.) — From  Judge 


member  of  Mr.  McKinley's  cabinet  to  re 
tain  his  portfolio,  with  an  earnestness  that 
not  one  of  them  could  withstand. 

Almost  at  once  in  his  administration  he 
had  to  face  the  problem  of  enforcing  the 
Sherman  anti-trust  law  against  railroad 
and  industrial  combinations.  He  took 
the  safe  position  that  it  was  his  business 
to  enforce  the  laws,  and  to  follow  the  ad 
vice  of  the  Attorney-General  on  the  ap 
plication  of  the  law  to  any  given  case. 
This  explains  the  action  against  the 
Northern  Securities  Company  brought 
early  in  his  administration  by  Attorney- 
General  Knox. 

In  every  subsequent  case  under  that 
law,  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  not  the  crusader 
against  modern  business  methods  or  ag 
gregations  of  capital,  but  he  was  the  firm 
executn-e,  sworn  to  enforce  the  law,  and 
acting  always  on  the  advice  of  his  consti 
tutional  counselors,  like  Attorney-Gen 
eral  Knox,  and  Secretary  Root  who  was 
then  at  the  head  of  the  War  Department. 

Obviously,  there  were  new  policies  to 
be  shaped  and  executed  relating  to  our 


"  WE  SNATCHED  THE  CLOTHES  OP  THE 
WHIGS  WHILE  THEY  WERE  IN  SWIMMING."— 
Disraeli. 

(Referring  to  President  Roosevelt's  activity 
against  the  trusts,  which  the  Democrats  looked  upon 
as  being  essential,  according  to  Democratic  doctrine.) 
From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


80 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  NEW  HERCULES 
From  Nebelspaller   (Zurich) 

(President  Roosevelt  begins  to  figure  prominently 
in  the  foreign  cartoons.  In  most  of  them  he  is  well 
treated,  although  the  Germans  already  show  signs 
of  treating  him  with  that  disfavor  which  they  have 
visited  of  late  upon  all  things  American  and  English. 
In  the  drawing  from  Kladdcradatscli ,  on  this  page, 
he  stands  at  Uncle  Sam's  elbow  while  that  old  gentle 
man  swaps  stories  with  John  Bull  about  their  re 
spective  bad  legs,  labeled  the  Transvaal  and  the 
Philippines. ) 


UNCLE  SAM  :  "  I  guess  I  can  get  ready  for  Thanks- 
jiving   now."     Inquirer    (Phil.,    November,    1902) 


WHY    NOT    AN    AUTOMATIC    SUBSTITUTE? 

"  It    is    announced    that    the    President    will    omit 
handshaking  during  his  Western  tour." 

From    the   Eagle    (Brooklyn,    N.    Y.) 


JOHN  BULL  AND  UNCLE  SAM  THE  MOUNTAIN- 
CLIMBERS 
From    Kladderadgtsch     (Berlin) 


Assuming  the  Presidency 


81 


THE  HANDWRITING  ON  THE  BAND  WAGON 
From  the  Herald   (New  York) 

occupation  of  Cuba  and  our  acquisition  of 
the  Philippines  and  other  insular  posses 
sions.  But  Secretary  Root  was  in  direct 
charge  of  all  these  insular  matters,  as  well 
as  of  army  reorganization ;  and  Mr.  Roose 
velt,  besides  having  profound  respect  for 
Mr.  Root's  legal  and  executive  talents,  had 
always  been  able  to  work  with  him  in  per 
fect  harmony  and  co-operation. 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  personality  impressed 
itself  at  once  upon  European  statesmen  and 
the  foreign  press.  His  face  became  familiar 
in  the  illustrated  papers  and  cartoons  of 
Europe.  He  was  frequently  likened,  in  his 
energetic  and  versatile  qualities,  to  the  Ger 
man  Emperor. 

That  distinguished  monarch  almost  im 
mediately,  through  diplomatic  and  less  for 
mal  channels  came  into  friendly  touch  with 
the  American  President.  He  sent  his 
brother,  Prince  Henry,  to  visit  this  country 
and  to  give  his  greetings  to  President 
Roosevelt.  The  Emperor  ordered  an  Amer- 


"  LOOK  OUT,  TEDDY  !  " 
From  the  Times   (Denver) 


82 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ican  yacht,  and  the  President's  daughter  christened  it  at  the  launching  in  the  presence  of 
Prince  Henry  and  Mr.  Roosevelt. 

The  English  press  was  cordial  and  appreciative,  and  felt  that  Roosevelt  was  a  man  of 
broad  views  of  international  affairs,  while  finding  also  some  reassurance  in  his  retention 
of  Mr.  John  Hay  as  Secretary  of  State. 

Even  more  sensational,  at  the  time  of  it,  than  the  prosecution  of  the  Northern  Securi 
ties  Company,  was  the  President's  intervention  in  the  great  anthracite  coal  strike  in  Penn 
sylvania  in  1902.  The  former  case  had  involved  a  combination  of  three  great  Western 
railroad  systems.  The  coal  situation  was  the  result  of  a  stubborn  contest  between  the  or 
ganized  miners  who  desired  better  pay,  better  conditions  of  labor,  and  the  recognition  of 
their  union,  and  the  five  or  six  railroad  corporations  that  had  monopolized  the  anthracite 
coal  production  and  were  managing  it  for  their  own  associated  welfare. 

The  strike  was  so  stubborn  and  complete  that  there  was  danger  lest  the  great  cities 
of  New  York  and  Philadelphia  should  be  without  their  supply  of  fuel  during  the  season 
of  1902-3,  and  general  business  interests  were  also  suffering.  The  workmen  desired  to 
arbitrate,  but  the  so-called  coal  barons  refused,  and  stood  upon  their  rights  to  manage 
their  own  affairs  in  their  own  way. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  found  that  the  law  permitted  him,  through  the  Bureau  of  Labor,  to 
make  inquiry  into  all  the  facts  and  to  seek  to  b'ring  about  conciliation.  In  the  end  he 
was  able  to  secure  a  satisfactory  arbitration,  as  a  result  of  which  the  men  were  gainers; 
and  the  anthracite  industry  has  been  carried  on  in  a  peaceful  way  ever  since. 

The  President's  leadership  in  these  matters  had  the  approval  of  the  country,  and  re 
sulted  in  the  election  of  a  Republican  Congress  in  the  fall  of  1902. 

Furthermore,  several  State  conventions,  as  for  example  those  of  the  Pacific  Coast, 
Iowa,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  and  others, — looking  ahead  two  years, — made  formal  declara 
tion  of  their  intention  to  support  Mr.  Roqsevelt  for  President  in  1904. 


Copyright,  Underwood  &  Underwood. 

PRESIDENT    ROOSEVELT   AS    AN    OPEN-ATR    SPEAKER    IN    THE  FALL  OF  1902 


CHAPTER  XV 

Asserting  the  Monroe  Doctrine 


THE    VENEZUELA    AFFAIR 

THE   POWERS    (to    President    Roosevelt)  :    "  Would    you 
mind   caging  yonder  bird   for   me?" 

From   the  Pioneer  Press    (St.    Paul) 


THE      INTERNATIONAL     ALPHONSE     AND     GASTON 

ALPHONSE    ROOSEVELT  :    "  You    arbitrate    it,    my    dear 
Gaston." 

From   the   Journal    (Minneapolis) 


TO  ROOSEVELT 
From  Tagarela   (Rio  Janeiro) 

(The  above  cartoon  is  from  a  weekly  journal  of 
politics  and  affairs  published  at  Rio  de  Janeiro, — of 
course,  in  the  Portuguese  language, — called  Tagarela. 
It  is  accompanied  by  a  poem  in  four  stanzas,  which 
accuses  the  United  States,  under  the  tutelage  of 
Roosevelt,  of  wishing  to  carry  on  further  annexation. 
But  this  policy,  it  declares,  has  its  dangers  and  anxi 
eties  ;  and  while  the  "  Monroe  crowd "  may  push 
their  policy  by  force  in  other  directions,  Brazil  won't 
stand  it, — "  no,  sir  "  (nao  senhor)  I  "  Why,"  says 
this  Portuguese  rhymster,  "  do  you  send  your  iron 
tub,  which  you  call  by  the  Indian  name  lowaf  If 
you  propose  to  put  your  claws  on  Acre,  you  had  bet 
ter  leave ;  "  with  more  to  the  same  effect.) 


84 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE 

(A  resounding  word  in  the  President's  mouth. ) 
From  Ncbclspalter  (Zurich) 

EARLY  in  1903  several  situations  gave  oppor 
tunity  for  the  fresh  declaration  by  Mr. 
Roosevelt  of  our  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Latin-American  republics,  in  accordance  with  the 
spirit  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine.  The  subjects  of 
several  European  powers  were  in  despair  of  be 
ing  able  to  obtain  compensation  for  claims  due 
them  from  the  government  of  Venezuela.  A 
number  of  American  citizens  were  in  the  same 
plight.  A  joint  naval  expedition  was  undertaken 
by  Germany,  France,  and  Holland  to  blockade 
Venezuelan  coasts,  seize  ports  and  custom 
houses,  and  collect  by  force  the  sums  considered 
by  them  to  be  due  to  their  subjects. 

Our  government  did  not  wish  to  see  even  a 
temporary  occupation  of  South  American  soil  by 
European  governments  on  the  pretext  of  collect 
ing  private  debts.  We  were  able  to  persuade 
President  Castro  on  the  one  hand  and  the  Eu 
ropean  powers  on  the  other,  to  send  represent 
atives  to  Washington  in  order  to  ascertain  what 
sums  were  fairly  due  under  the  claims.  We  then 
undertook  to  see  that  such  claims  as  were  al 
lowed  should  in  due  time  be  paid.  The  position 
of  our  government  made  some  sensation  in  Eu 
rope  and  a  profound  impression  in  South  America. 


OUR   TURBULENT  NEIGHBORS    TO   THE    SOUTH 

(Teddy  no  sooner  turns  his  back  than  the  children 
begin  to  make  trouble.) 

From    Pasquinn    ( Turin  i 


THE   ADOPTED   CHILD 

Mn.  ROOSEVELT  :  "  It'll  be  some  time  before  he's 
fully  developed,  but  I  expect  he'll  be  big  enough 
to  help  me  in  1004  in  the  Presidential  fight." 

From  the  Moon   (Toronto* 


Asserting  the  Monroe  Doctrine 


85 


f       /C '.•/:,&*  v.  i-^j_— : 


THE    TEACHER    AND    THE    PUPILS 

ROOSEVELT   TO  THE  SENATE  :   "  Boys,   this  hurts  me  more  than  it  does  you." 

(President    Roosevelt,    having   made    plans    for    a    Western    vacation  tour,   is  anxiously  awaiting   the  close  of 
the  Congressional  session.) — From  the  Inquirer   (Philadelphia) 

Our  general  attitude  toward  Latin  America  was  the  more  sharply  observed,  because 
at  that  time  we  were  in  the  thick  of  negotiations  preliminary  to  constructing  the  Trans- 
Isthmian  Canal.  The  war  with  Spain  had  brought  that  long-dreamed-of  project  into  the 
domain  of  actual  possibilities.  We  had  sent  the  battleship  Oregon  on  a  memorable  voy 
age  from  the  Pacific  Coast  around  the  continent  of  South  America,  to  join  our  fleet  in 
Cuban  waters  and  strengthen  it  for  the  attack  upon  the  Spanish  squadron.  We  had  real 
ized  the  need  of  a  canal  for  the  sake  of  better  protection  of  both  coasts. 

Furthermore,  our  new  insular  possessions  in  both  oceans  called  for  the  Panama  Canal 
as  a  logical  sequel.  A  French  company  had  obtained  from  the  Republic  of  Colombia  the 
necessary  concession  to  dig  a  canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Many  millions  had 
been  unwisely  spent,  great  corruption  and  scandal  had  attended  the  history  of  the  com 
pany  in  France,  the  enterprise  had  failed,  and  private  capital  was  not  available  to  resume 
it.  Our  American  engineers  for  many  years  had  preferred  the  Nicaragua  route,  and  a 
private  company  had  been  formed  which  had  made  some  beginnings.  But  the  inevitable 
conclusion  had  been  reached  that  no  canal  in  the  near  future  could  be  constructed,  by 


86 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


NO  DISARMAMENT 
(The   "Big  Stick"   is  needed   for  evils  at   home   as 

well   as   for  possible   use   abroad.) 
From  the  Gazette-Times   (Plttsburg) 


THE    MASTER    OF    THE    WORLD 

POPE   ROOSEVELT  :   "  All  that  lies   to   the  left   of 

this  mark  comes  under  the  American  political  sphere 

— and  all  on  the  right  belongs  to  American  trade." 

From  Lustigc  Blatter 


COLUMBIA  :  "  Pianissimo,  Teddy  !  " 
From  the  Sun    (Baltimore) 


PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT   AND   OLD   EUROPE 
From  Le  Rire  (Paris) 


Asserting  the  Monroe  Doctrine 


87 


either  route,  unless  the  United 
States  Government  should  make  a 
public  enterprise  of  it  and  provide 
the  necessary  millions. 

The  country  was  almost  unani 
mously  prepared  to  proceed  with 
the  Nicaragua  work  when,  by  the 
efforts  of  the  friends  of  the  Panama 
scheme,  a  board  of  engineers  was 
authorized  to  report  upon  the  engi 
neering  and  financial  feasibility  of 
both  routes.  It  had  been  decided 
finally  that  Panama  should  be  pre 
ferred  if  the  assets  of  the  French 
company  could  be  bought  for  not 
more  than  $40,000,000.  The  next 
step  was  the  drafting  of  a  treaty 
with  Colombia  through  Minister 
Herran  and  President  Maroquin. 
Congress  was  called  in  special  ses 
sion  to  ratify  this  treaty,  and  also 
to  pass  upon  the  new  constitution 
for  the  Republic  of  Cuba. 

This  constitution,  with  the  sig 
nificant  part  of  which  Secretary 


A  PRACTICAL  FORESTER 
<A  subject   that  had  attention  all  through 

Roosevelt's  Presidency.) 
From  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Paul) 


Mr. 


A   GRIZZLY   PATH:    PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT    AND    THE    TRUSTS 
PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT:  "Is  it  safe  to  shoot?" 
THE  BEAR:  "Does  he  mean  business?" 

From   the    Westminster   Budget    (London) 


88 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THEODORE    ROOSEVELT,    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES 
From  Kladdcradatsch   (Berlin) 


Asserting  the  Monroe  Doctrine 


89 


Root  was  identified,  was  one  of  the  most 
important  acts  of  statesmanship  of  all  our 
recent  history.  It  brought  Cuba  perpet 
ually  under  our  guaranty  of  internal  order 
and  financial  responsibility. 

The  special  session  ended,  Mr.  Roosevelt 
was  off  for  a  "Western  trip,  where  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  he  hunted  the  grizzly 
bear.  He  returned  to  a  summer  at  Oyster 
Bay,  where  many  questions  of  interest 
came  before  him,  one  of  them  being  the 
endeavor  to  present  to  the  Russian  govern 
ment  the  American  view  of  the  treatment 
of  Jews  in  the  Czar's  dominions. 

Another  question  of  exceptional  interest, 
relating  also  to  our  position  on  the  North 
American  continent,  was  the  dispute  with 
Canada  regarding  the  Alaska  boundary. 
This  was  settled  by  a  tribunal,  of  an  arbitral 
nature,  composed  of  Americans  on  one  side 
and  Canadians  and  Englishmen  on  the 
other.  It  was  a  great  triumph  to  have  set 
tled  the  Alaska  boundary  .  by  amicable 
methods,  and  to  have  retained  our  un 
broken  coast-line  as  we  had  bought  it  from 
Russia. 


ROOSEVELT    AND    THE     CZAR,— A    FRIENDLY 
EXCHANGE 

"  You  cut  up  your  Jews.   I'll  burn  my  negroes  ;  " 
or.    "  Little  presents   preserve   friendships." 

From  Kladdvradatach   (Berlin) 


ONE  LITTLE  MATCH  MIGHT  HAVE  FIRED  OFF 
THE    WHOLE    BUNCH 

From  the  Tribune  (Minneapolis) 


VACATION    DAYS   AT   OYSTER    BAY 
From  the  Tribune   (Minneapolis) 


Copyright,  1903,  by  Lollier' s  ll'etkly. 

SARGENT'S  PORTRAIT  OF  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT 

(John    S.    Sargent,    the    eminent    portrait   painter,    painted    a    picture   of   President   Roosevelt    in    1903,    which 
met    with    favor    at    the    White  House    and    lias    remained   there  as  the  official  portrait.) 


CHAPTER  XVI 

Panama, — A  New  Sister  Republic 


ON     TO     PANAMA ! 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


THE    Congress    of    Colombia,    sitting    at 
Bogota,    refused    to    ratify    the    treaty 


that    its    diplomatists    had    signed.      It 
^*4ji&       was  m  every  way  to  the  advantage  of  Colom- 
^•^^^  bia  to  have  the  United   States  dig  the  canal 

that  the  French  company  had  abandoned.   The 

treaty  proposed  that  wre  should  give  Colombia  ten  million  dollars  for  the  privilege  of  con 
ferring  upon  her  a  benefit  of  incalculable  value.  To  have  had  us  revert  to  the  Nicaragua 
route  would  have  been  disadvantageous  to  Colombia  for  many  centuries. 

Furthermore,  our  return  to  the  Nicaragua  plan  would  have  been  ruinous  to  the  peo 
ple  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  who  were  under  no  obligations  whatsoever  to  the  merce 
nary  politicians  at  Bogota.  Again,  our  choosing  Nicaragua  as  the  alternative  would  have 
made  it  impossible  for  the  French  company  to  have  obtained  its  expected  forty  million  dol 
lars.  Under  these  circumstances,  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  declared  itself  an  independent 


92 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE    MAX    BEHIND    THE    EGG— From  the  Times   (New  York) 

republic,  all  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  with  the  substantial  encouragement  of  the  repre 
sentatives  of  the  French  canal  company,  and  with  no  unfriendliness  or  discouragement  on 
the  part  of  our  government  at  Washington. 

The  few  Colombian  troops  on  the  isthmus   made   no   resistance.     American   warships 


THOSE    LITTLE   FELLOWS    WANT    TO    LOOK    OUT 

WHEN    I    TOSS    THE    BALL 

(Mr.  Francis  B.  Loomis,  who  is  here  pictured  as  throwing 
the  Medicine  Ball  of  the  "  New  Diplomacy,"  was  Assistant 
Secretary  of  State  at  the  time  of  the  Panama  revolution,  and 
was  very  active  in  the  negotiations  having  to  do  with  that 
affair) — From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


Panama, — A  New  Sister  Republic 


93 


were  prepared  to  keep  order.    The  ten  million 
dollars  that   Bogota  had   refused  was  gladly 


THE   NEWS   REACHES   BOGOTA— From  the  Herald   (New  York) 

accepted  by  the  new  Republic  of  Panama.  The  treaty  was  promptly  signed  that  estab 
lished  our  rights  in  the  canal  zone,  and  put  the  new  republic  virtually  under  our  protec 
tion.  The  President  of  the  United  States  was  authorized  by  Congress  to  appoint  a  board 
of  canal  commissioners  and  to  proceed  with  the  work  of  construction.  And  all  this  con 
stituted  a  notable  episode  in  our  history. 


THE    HUNTER    HUNTED 
From  the  Herald    (Baltimore) 


94 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


UNCLE  SAM  :  "  He's  good  enough  for  me." 

(This  striking   cartoon   by   Homer   Davenport   was   widely    circulated    in   newspapers   and    on    billboards   and 
became    the    most    prominent    campaign    document    of    the  Republican    party    in    1904.) 
From  the  Evening  Mail   (New  York) 


CHAPTER  XVII 

The  Unanimous  Endorsement  of  His  Party 


'•  DELIGHTED !  " 

(Senator    Hanna,     himself    an    aspirant     for    Presidential    honors,    reluctantly    handing   to    President    Roose 
velt    the    endorsement    of    the    Ohio    convention.) — From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


MR.   ROOSEVELT  had  been  having  the  sort  of  strenuous  experiences  as 
that  were  in  every  way  congenial  to  him,  and  the  American  public  had 
edly  approved  of  his  policies  and  ac 
tions  in  most  essential  respects.     It  was  not 
to  be  expected,  however,  that  his  renomina- 
tion  could  come  without  opposition. 

Senator  Hanna,  of  Ohio,  chairman  of  the 
National  Republican  Committee,  and  close 
friend  of  the  late  President  McKinley,  had 
become  the  most  masterful  personage  in  the 
Senate,  not  excepting  Mr.  Aldrich.  Sena 
tor  Hanna  had  broadened  his  interests.  He 
espoused  the  cause  of  organized  labor.  He 
accounted  himself  responsible  more  than 
any  one  else  for  the  practical  steps  that 
were  making  the  Panama  Canal  a  realized 
fact.  In  short,  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  -POSSUM  OR  CHICKEN? 

T.        •  j  j  „  r    i  (Capturing  the  colored  vote!) 

Presidency,  and   was   effecting   a   powerful 

J  From  the  Herald   (Baltimore) 


President 
un  doubt- 


96 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


TAKING  THE  BULL  BY  THE  HORNS 
(This  cartoon  refers  to  the  action  of  the  President  in 
bringing     suit     against     the     Northern     Securities     Com 
pany.) 

From  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


SOME  TROUBLE  WITH  THE  TARIFF  TEAM 

From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  New  York) 
(Ohio,  led  by  Hanna,  had  adopted  a  "  stand-pat  "  high 
tariff  platform,  and  Iowa  had  accepted  Cummins'  planks 
on  reciprocity  and  revision.) 


BLOCKING  THE  WAY 

(Senator  Aldrich's  financial  reforms  in  that  session  of 
1902-3  were  blocked  by  the  mass  of  business  in  the  House 
of  Representatives.) 

From  the  Times   (Minneapolis) 


UNCLE    SAM'S    NEED    OF    AN    ELASTIC    CURRENCY 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  :  "  You  see,  those  galluses  ought 
to  have  rubber  in  them,  so  that  when  Uncle  Sam  stoops 
to  move  the  sheaf  there  won't  be  much  strain  on  the 
buttons." 

From  the  Pioneer  Press   (St.  Paul) 


The  Unanimous  Endorsement  of  His  Party 


97 


organization  of  politicians 
throughout  the  country 
in  his  own  behalf. 

A  good  many  States  as 
early  as  1902  had  en 
dorsed  Roosevelt.  The 
question  arose  whether 
the  Ohio  convention  of 
1903  would  speak  favor 
ably  of  his  administra 
tion.  Mr.  Roosevelt,  who 
was  hunting  in  the  West, 
sent  a  famous  message 
that  resulted  in  Ohio's 
recognition  of  him  in  its 
platform.  There  was  tar 
iff  agitation  in  the  air, 
with  Senator  Hanna  as 
the  champion  of  the  high- 
tariff  "  stand-pat  "  pol 
icy, — to  use  his  own 

UNCLE  SAM  :  "  Now  let's  see  you  punch  the  bag."  phrase, while   the    West- 

From  the  Herald  (Xew  York)  ern  leaders  like  Governor 

Cummins,  of  Iowa,  were  demanding  revision.     A  great  financial   discussion  was  pending, 
moreover,  having  to  do  with  the  need  of  a  different  banking  and  currency  system. 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  tone  was  progressive,  but  his  attitude  was  expectant  rather  than  posi 
tive  touching  such  questions.  Those  were  matters  for  Congress  rather  than  for  the  execu 
tive.  But  when  serious  scandals  were  cur 
rent  regarding  the  administration  of  the 
business  of  the  postal  system.  Mr.  Roose- 
velt  was  in  no  doubt  as  to  his  responsibility. 


HE  LAUGHS  BEST  WHO  LAUGHS  LAST 

THE  DEMOCRATIC  DONKEY  :  "  Ha,  ha !  the  cat  is 
out  of  the  bag." 

THE  SiBENCors  REPUBLICAN  BOY  :  "  Yes,  but  it 
will  soon  be  a  dead  cat." 

From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


THE  FOREMAN  GIVES  ORDERS  FOR  RUSH 

WORK 
From  the  Times  (Minneapolis) 


DRIVE  THE  KNIFE  IX  UP  TO  THE   HILT!       From  Judge,  December  12,  1903 
(President   Roosevelt   vigorously    prosecuting    corrupt    corporations,    as   well    as   grafters    and    others,    as 
a  result  of  the  thorough  investigation  of  the  Postal  frauds    made    by    Fourth    Assistant    Postmaster-General 
Bristow,  who  later  became  a  United  States  Senator  from    Kansas.) 


The  Unanimous  Endorsement  of  His  Party 


99 


He  took  hold  of  the  work  of  postal  inves 
tigation  with  such  vigor  that  he  left  no  op 
portunity  for  the  Democrats  to  make  capital 
in  the  approaching  campaign  out  of  abuses 
which  otherwise  might  have  led  to  Repub 
lican  defeat. 

As  the  time  for  the  choosing  of  delegates 
for  the  1904  convention  approached,  the 
movement  for  Mr.  Hanna's  nomination  dis 
integrated,  partly  because  of  the  great 
strength  of  President  Roosevelt  with  the 
people,  and  also  partly  because  of  the  se 
rious  breakdown  of  Mr.  Hanna's  health. 
One  after  another  of  the  great  States,  in 
their  local  conventions,  instructed  their  dele 
gates  to  support  President  Roosevelt.  Ohio 
itself  fell  in  with  the  general  movement  and 
sent  a  delegation  instructed  for  the  Presi 
dent. 

The  convention  at  Chicago  turned  out  to 
be  a  great  spontaneous  demonstration  in 
favor  of  the  man  who  had  acceptably  served 
out  three  and  a  half  years  of  Mr.  McKinley's 
unexpired  second  term.  If  President  Mc- 
Kinley  had  lived  Vice-President  Roosevelt 
would  have  been  a  candidate  for  the  nomina 
tion  in  1904.  But  he  would  not  have  been 
personally  identified  with  the  many  stirring 


ONLY  COMPETENT  NAVIGATORS  NEED  APPLY 
From  the  Post  (Cincinnati) 


A    BIRD    IX    THE    HAND    IS    WORTH    TWO    IN 

THE  BUSH  " 
From  the  Press   (Cleveland) 


THE  SNOW  MAN  AND  THE   HOT  SUN 
From  the  Press   (Cleveland) 


100 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE   VALUE   OF   THE  BINDER   IN   HARVEST-TIME 

(Apropos   of   the  pledging   01-    "binding"   of  various   State    delegations  to  support  Mr.  Roosevelt  in  the  nom 
inating    convention.) 
From  the  Brooklyn  Eagle  (New  York) 

matters,  both  foreign  and  domestic,  that  had  been  crowded  into  the  busy  period  from 
1901  to  1904;  and  no  one  can  make  even  a  sagacious  guess  as  to  what  would  have  hap 
pened.  Senator  Fairbanks,  of  Indiana,  was  nominated  for  Vice-President.  Under  other 
circumstances,  Mr.  Fairbanks  would  have  been  a  formidable  candidate  for  the  Presidency. 
His  friends  had  declared  that  he  was  the  natural  successor  of  Mr.  McKinley,  and  that  it 
had  been  Mr.  McKinley's  hope  and  wish,  if  he  had  lived,  that  Mr.  Fairbanks  should  suc 
ceed  him.  But  the  bluff,  powerful  Hanna  had  intervened,  and  with  the  disintegration  of 
the  Roosevelt  opposition  which  had  centered  around  the  chairman  of  the  National  Com- 


The  Unanimous  Endorsement  of  His  Party 


101 


SOME   PROMINENT   FEATURES   OF   THE   CHICAGO    CONVENTION 
By  Cartoonist  Briggs,  of  the  American  (New  York) 


FRANK  S.  BLACK  :  "  I  come  not  to  bury  Caesar,  but 
to  praise  him." 

(Gov.  Black,  who  had  been  refused  a  second-term  nomi 
nation  for  Governor  in  1898,  when  Roosevelt  took  his 
place,  made  the  nominating  speech  at  Chicago  in  1904.) 

From  the   World    (New   York) 


THE  CHORUS  OF  ROOSEVELT  HARMONY  AT 
CHICAGO 

From  the  Post   (Cincinnati) 


102 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ROOSEVELT'S    LAST    INSTRUCTIONS    TO    THE    REPUBLICAN     ELEPHANT:    "Whoop    'er    up!" 

From  the  World   (New  York) 

mittee,  it  was  quite  impossible  to  rally 
around  any  other  man's  standard  the  va 
rious  leaders  and  groups  who  did  not  like 
Roosevelt.  b^ 

Mr.  Root,  Mr.  Beveridge,  ex-Governor  ^\ 
Black,  of  New  York,  and  others,  made 
eloquent  Roosevelt  speeches  in  the  con 
vention,  and  there  was  incomparably 
more  enthusiasm  over  Roosevelt's  nomi 
nation  in  1904  than  there  had  been  at 
Philadelphia  over  Mr.  McKinley's  re- 
nomination,  or  the  placing  of  Roosevelt 
on  the  ticket  as  candidate  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent.  For  years  Roosevelt's  friends  had 
hoped  to  nominate  him  for  the  Presi-  ,N>  •  -l...?.?-_ 

dency  in  the  year  1904,  and  now  they  had 

„  ...  .      .  TIIK   CONVENTION   HAS   ARRIVED 

actually  accomplished  their  purpose. 

Prom  the  Herald   (New  York) 


CHAPTER  XVIII 


The  Roosevelt-Parker  Campaign 


Stereograph  copyright,  1904,  by  Underwood  A  Underwood   New  York 

THE   NOTIFICATION   OF   PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT   AT  OYSTER  BAY  IN  1904.       (SPEAKER 
CANNON   STANDS   ON  THE  PRESIDENT'S  RIGHT.) 

THERE  was  no  well-defined  issue  in  the  campaign  of   1904,  as  in  the  two  previous 
ones.     In  1896  the  question  of  sound  money  was   threshed  out   and   permanently 
settled.     In  1900  the  people  ratified  the  expansion  policy,  and  the  momentous  na 
tional  and  international   developments  that  followed  our  war  with  Spain.     In  1904  the  real 
question  was  whether  the  people  were  well  enough  pleased  with  the  man  who  had  suc 
ceeded  McKinley  by  a  fateful  accident  to  give  him  another  four  years'  lease  of  power. 

Wall  Street  interests  were  bitterly  opposed  to  Mr.  Roosevelt,  because  his  investiga 
tion  and  prosecution  of  various  trusts  and  corporations,  and  his  attacks  upon  railroad  re 
bates  and  like  abuses  had  for  the  time  being  not  only  checked  the  prosperous  schemes 
of  many  promoters,  but  had  also  confused  and  disturbed  legitimate  business, — the  whole 
fabric  of  corporation  finance  and  control  being  so  closely  interwoven.  Thus  Wall  Street, 
largely  under  Democratic  leadership,  had  undertaken  a  more  positive  part  in  politics  than 
ever  before.  If  only  the  Republicans  could  be  prevented  from  nominating  a  man  as  bold 


104 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


raww..* 


A  VERY  STOUT  "  STRING  "  TO  IT 

(Apropos   of   the   struggle    over   the    Cuban    reciprocity 
treaty.) 

From  the  Record   (Philadelphia) 


ON    COMMON    GROUND 

(President  Roosevelt  congratulates  ex-President  Cleveland 

on   the   birth   of  a    boy.) 
From  the  Ohio  State  Journal    (Columbus) 


"BRUMMEL"    ROOSEVELT:    "Ah!    who   is   your   fat    friend?" 

(Mr.  Cleveland  had  made  a  speech  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  celebration  at  St.  Louis,  •  in  1903,  and 
it  was  thought  at  the  time  that  he  might  possibly  become  a  candidate  for  the  Democratic  nomination  for 
President  and  run  against  Roosevelt,  who  also  attended  the  celebration.) 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


. 


The  Roosevelt-Parker  Campaign 


105 


MR.  ROOSEVELT  :   "  This  is  so  sudden." 
From  the  Tribune   (Chicago) 


NOT    A    CLOUD    IN    SIGHT 

(Except  that  made  by  the  factory  chimneys.) 

From  the  Inquirer   (Philadelphia) 

and  aloof  as  Roosevelt,  and  the  Democrats 
could  be  persuaded  to  nominate  a  repre 
sentative  of  their  conservative  wing  rather 
than  a  radical  like  Bryan,  Wall  Street  would 
have  nothing  to  fear  from  the  result  of  the 
election.  So  the  "  magnates  "  reasoned. 


UNCLE   SAM:    "Never  swap  pilots   while   crossing  a  stream." — From  the  Xorth  American    (Philadelphia) 


106 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Thus  in  1903  and  early  in  1904  Wall 
Street  had  done  its  best  to  aid  in  the  move 
ment  to  secure  the  nomination  of  Senator 
Hanna  in  place  of  Mr.  Roosevelt ;  and  as 
early  as  1903  certain  eminent  legal  advisers 
of  Wall  Street  had  selected  Judge  Alton  B. 
Parker  (then  chief  justice  of  the  highest 
court  of  the  State  of  New  York)  as  an  ex 
cellent  representative  of  the  so-called  "  safe 
and  sane  "  type  of  Democratic  candidates. 
All  this  was  in  no  way  to  Judge  Parker's 
discredit;  for  he  was  an  upright  judge  and 
a  public  man  of  sound  views  and  a  well- 
poised  mind.  Mr.  Bryan  had  been  twice 
defeated ;  and  Judge  Parker,  though  of  a 
different  school  of  political  thought  and 
training,  had  maintained  his  party  regu 
larity  at  all  times,  just  as  Roosevelt  on  his 


G.  O.  P.:   "There's  my  man;  where's  yours?" 
DEMOCRACY  :   "  Oh,    I'm  waiting  for  an   inspiration. 
Prom   the   Globe    (New   York) 


S  PIKED 

(Judge   Parker  spiking  the   Republican  campaign   gun   by 

his  gold  issue  telegram  to  the  St.  Louis  convention.) 

Prom  the  World    (New  York) 

side  had  been  a  Republican  under  all  con 
ditions. 

Judge  Parker  was  not  widely  known  to 
the  country,  and  his  candidacy  could  not  be 
otherwise  than  the  merely  negative  one  of 
opposition  to  Roosevelt.  It  was  not  pos 
sible  for  the  Democrats  to  frame  any  suc 
cessful  issues.  They  could  not  ask  boldly 
for  tariff  reform,  because  the  South  had  be 
come  protectionist.  They  talked  of  scan 
dals  in  administration,  but  the  country 
knew  that  Roosevelt  had  cleaned  out  the 
Post  Office  frauds  with  as  much  vigor  as 
anv  Democratic  President  could  have 


STRENUOUS     VICE-PRESIDENTIAL     CANDIDATE     DAVIS    AND    WHAT    A    FRIEND    CALLS 

"A    FEW    OF    HIS    STUNTS." 

From  the  American    (New  York) 


The  Roosevelt -Parker  Campaign 


107 


shown.  They  could  not  denounce  Roose 
velt  as  a  foe  of  trusts  and  corporations,  be 
cause  the  major  part  of  the  Democratic 
party  had  always  professed  to  be  far  more 
deeply  opposed  to  monopoly  and  corporate 
aggrandizement  than  the  Republicans. 

In  short,  the  logic  of  the  situation  was 
with  Roosevelt.  The  people  of  the  country, 
regardless  of  party,  liked  both  the  man  and 
his  policies.  As  the  campaign  progressed 
the  Democratic  managers  denounced  the 
Republicans  as  collecting  large  campaign 
funds  from  the  very  trusts  and  corporations 
that  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  supposed  to  be 
tighting.  Moreover,  Wall  Street  quickly 
lost*  confidence  in  itself  as  a  political  War 
wick,  and  was  inclined  to  disavow  Judge 
Parker's  candidacy  as  of  its  choosing. 
Doubtless  various  corporation  interests  con 
tributed  to  both  campaign  funds;  and  it  is 
unquestionably  true  that  the  greater  part  of 
the  responsible  business  men  of  the  country 
thought  it  better  to  keep  Roosevelt  and  the 
Republicans  in  power  than  to  bring  in  the 
Democrats  on  a  dubious  platform,  with  no 
knowledge  of  the  make-up  of  a  prospective 
Democratic  cabinet. 

Associated  with  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  Sec 
retary  Hay,  in  charge  of  our  foreign  affairs ; 
Mr.  Root  (who  had  just  been  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Taft),  in  charge  of  the  War  Depart- 


"  WHAT  IS  ONE  MAN'S  MEAT  IS  ANOTHER 

MAN'S   POISON" 

(The  cartoonist  wishes  to  convey  the  idea  that 
Roosevelt  wants  to  talk  and  that  Parker  is  quite 
happy  to  be  silent,  i 

From  the  Xen:s   (Baltimore) 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  AS  A  PHRENOLOGIST 
"  It  is  difficult  to  find  out  from  our  opponents 
what  are  the  real  issues  upon  which  they  propose  to 
wage  this  campaign." — Roosevelt's  letter  of  accept 
ance. — From  the  News  (Nashville) 


INDORSED   BY   THE   MAINE    FARMERS 
(Referring    to    the    large   Republican    majority    in 
the  Main*  election  of  1904,   which  came  before  the 
general  elections  of  November.) 

From  the  Evening  Telegraph  (Philadelphia) 


108 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ment  and  our  island  depen 
dencies  ;  Mr.  Knox,  brilliant 
ly  heading  the  judiciary  de 
partment  ;  and  that  remark 
able  campaigner,  the  Hon. 
Leslie  M.  Shaw,  who  had 
succeeded  Mr.  Gage  'as  Sec 
retary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  President's  Secretary, 
Mr.  Cortelyou,  had  been  sec 
retary  to  President  Cleve 
land,  then  to  President  Mc- 
Kinley ;  and  three  successive 
Presidents  testified  to  his 
ability  and  faithfulness.  He 
had  political  tact,  adminis 
trative  skill,  and  absolute 
honesty.  He  it  was  whom 
Mr.  Roosevelt  selected  to 
conduct  the  campaign,  and 
to  serve  as  chairman  of  the 
National  Republican  Com 
mittee.  One  of  the  notable 
achievements  of  Mr.  Roose 
velt's  first  administration 
had  been  the  creation  of  the 
new  Department  of  Com 
merce  and  Labor,  and  Mr. 
Cortelyou  had  been  pro 
moted  to  the  cabinet  as  Sec- 


Th«Te  ma*  a.  young  m«xn  < 
7W  f«c  «0/T«ntd  IS,  Kea 

I  wilt  »it  h«rt  and-tmife 

For  I  knew  «&  1h«  while . 

I  could  make  it  0  K  wiIK  llw.cow. 


HOW  TO  MILK  THE  BEEP  TRUST 

(The  Democrats  regarded  the  Garfleld  report  on  the  Beef  Trust 
as  very   inoffensive,   and   found   political   reasons.) 

From  the  World   (New  York) 


SUBSTITUTED  FOR 
ACTS  OF  CONGRESS. 


The  issue. — Prom  the  World    (New  York) 


Two  views  of  the  President. — From  the  Eagle    (Brooklyn) 


TWO    DEMOCRATIC    CARTOONS    ON   THE    "MILITARY"    ROOSEVELT 


The  Roosevelt- Parker  Campaign 


109 


THE    TWO    ROOSEVELTS 

(The  Roosevelt  as  real  history  will  picture  him — and — the  Roosevelt  as  the  demagogues  now  paint  him.) 

From  Judge 

retary  of  this  new  department.     Mr.  Roosevelt  had  advanced  his  assistant  secretary,  Mr. 
William  Loeb,  Jr.,  to  succeed  Mr.  Cortelyou  as  Secretary  to  the  President. 

Of  the  bureaus  grouped  together  under  the   Secretary  of  Commerce   and   Labor,   the 


THE   ATTORNEY-GENERAL    HAS    A    NEW    JOB 

KNOX  :  "  Mr.  Roosevelt,  you'll  have  to  get  some 
body  else  to  tend  to  this  pig,  because  Mr.  Penn  wants 
.me  to  go  to  work  for  him." 

From  the  Journal  (Kansas  City) 


THE  PRESIDENT  (to  Mr.  Paul  Morton,  the  new 
Secretary  of  the  Navy)  :  "  You  have  done  so  well 
with  the  cars,  now  let's  see  what  you  <-an  do  with 
the  ships." 

From  the  Leader   (Cleveland) 


110 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


POPULIST   CANDIDATE   WATSON   CHALLENGING    THE   OTHER   PRESI 
DENTIAL  CANDIDATES  TO  TALK 
From  the  Post  (Washington) 


most  important  was  a  new 
one  called  the  Bureau  of 
Corporations.  Mr.  Roose 
velt  placed  at  the  head  of 
this  bureau  the  Hon.  James 
R.  Garfield,  transferring  him 
from  the  post  of  Civil  Serv 
ice  Commissioner.  These 
are  the  names  of  a  very  few 
of  the  strong  and  able  men 
with  whom  Mr.  Roosevelt 
was  surrounded.  Mr.  Hitch 
cock,  of  St.  Louis,  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  was  exposing 
and  prosecuting  land  frauds 
in  the  West,  while  the  new 
Bureau  of  Corporations  was 
investigating  the  Beef 
Trust,  the  Standard  Oil 
Trust,  and  other  corpora 
tions  accused  of  violating 
the  Sherman  anti-trust  law. 
Under  the  circumstances, 
Mr.  Roosevelt's  overwhelm 
ing  triumph  at  the  polls  was 
to  have  been  expected.  All 
sections  of  the  country  seemed  to  be  con 
tented  with  the  outcome,  and  Judge  Parker, 


CONGRATULATIONS  IN  ORDER 

ROOSEVELT  :  "  De-e-lighted  to  hear  that  you  have 
a  cinch." 

PAKKER  :  "  Allow  me  to  congratulate  you.  I  un 
derstand  there  is  no  longer  any  doubt  but  that  you 
will  be  elected  to  the  high  office  to  which  you  aspire." 
From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


THE  CALLING  OF  THE  SECOND  HAGUE  PEACE 

CONFERENCE 

ROOSEVPILT  :  "  'Twill  help  to  make  the  pot  boil." 
From   the  Eagle    (Brooklyn,    New   York) 


The  Roosevelt -Parker  Campaign 


111 


AS  THE  CAMPAIGN   WAS  ENDING 
(Parker    sits 


dejected    at    the    foot 
pedestal.) 


of    the     Roosevelt 


C.ESAR  PLATT   (to  Brutus  Odell)  :   "  Et  tu,  Brute?' 
This  was  the  most  unkindest  cut  of  all  ; 
For  when  the  noble  Caesar  saw  him  stab, 
Ingratitude,  more  strong  than  traitors'  arms, 
Quite  vanquished  him  :  then  burst  his  mighty  heart 
And,  in  his  mantle  muffling  up  his  face, 
Even  at  the  base  of  Pompey's  statue, 
Which  all  the  while  ran  blood,  great  Csesar  fell." 
Prom   the  World    (New   York) 


HE'D     SINK    EITHER    OF    THEM 

(Neither  party,   this   year,   wishes   to  run   the   risk   of  associating   itself   with    the   trusts.) 
From  the  North  American  (Philadelphia) 


112 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  GREAT  TRIUMPH  OF  1904 
From  the  Evening  Star   (Washington) 


though  badly  defeated,  was  regarded  as 
having  lost  no  important  States  which 
Roosevelt  might  not  have  carried  against 
any  possible  Democratic  nominee. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  felt  that  his  victory  was 
not  of  a  strictly  partisan  nature,  and  that 
the  country  was  entitled  to  know  in  just 
what  spirit  he  accepted  it.  On  the  night  of 
his  election,  therefore,  he  issued  a  statement 
declaring  that  under  no  circumstances 
would  he  be  a  candidate  or  accept  a  nomi 
nation  in  1908. 

There  was  already  much  political  talk  to 
the  effect  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  had  merely 
been  serving  out  Mr.  McKinley's  term,  and 
that  his  acceptance  of  another  nomination 
in  1908  would  not  be  in  violation  of  the  tra 
dition  that  limits  an  American  President  to 
two  consecutive  terms.  His  friends  and  his 


AFTER  THE  AVALANCHE  OF  NOVEMBER  8   (1904).— From  the  Post  (Washington); 


The  Roosevelt-Parker  Campaign 


113 


ROPING   THE   PRESIDENTIAL   STEER 
From  Caras  y  Carctas   (Buenos  Aires) 


"  HERE  WE  ARE  AGAIN  !  " 

(Apropos  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  triumphant  election  and 
subsequent  visit  to  the  world's  fair  at  St.  Louis.) 

From  the  World   (New  York) 


•opponents  alike  had  been  thus  looking  forward  to  the  next  contest.  Mr.  Roosevelt  won 
the  approval  and  renewed  confidence  of  the  country  in  the  decisive  announcement  he  made. 
It  was  believed  that  with  no  ambition  to  secure  another  nomination,  he  could  give  the 
more  devoted  and  patriotic  attention  to  the  service  of  the  whole  people  in  his  high  office. 


ROOSEVELT'S    VICTORY 

(A  cartoon  of  the  day  after  electio-i  > 

UNCLE  SAM  :  "  Now  we  can  get  up  steam  ajain.'' 

From  the  North  American   (Philadelphia) 


AFTER    THE    BATTLE 

UNCLE  SAM  :  "  I'm  glad  the  election  is  over.     I'll 
sweep  out  and  get  to  work." 

From  the  Times  (Washington) 


114 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ALWAYS    INCISIVE,    DECISIVE,    AND    PRECISE! 

(Referring   to    Roosevelt's   election   night   statement    of    1904    renouncing    a    third    term.) 

From  Judge 


There  was  nothing  more  remarkable  than  the  contented  acquiescence  of  the  Demo 
cratic  press  in  the  result.  The  people  of  the  South  showed  their  approval  in  many  ways 
that  could  not  be  mistaken,  and  flooded  Mr.  Roosevelt  with  invitations  to  visit  their  re 
spective  States  and  cities.  It  had  been  the  good  fortune  of  Mr.  McKinley,  in  a  period  of 
declining  partisanship,  to  be  regarded  as  the  President  of  the  whole  country  without  re 
gard  to  section  or  party :  and  this  general  good-will  was  transferred  to  Roosevelt  even  as 
the  mantle  of  Elijah  had  in  ancient  time  fallen  upon  the  shoulders  of  his  successor. 


Copyright  by  Underwood  &  Underwood 

TAKING  THE  OATH  OF  OFFICE  AT  WASHINGTON    ON  MARCH  4,  1905 


CHAPTER  XIX 

As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 

IT  was  in  the  summer  of  1904, — his  renomination  secured  and  his  election  certain, — 
that  Mr.  Roosevelt  began  clearly  to  emerge  in  the  mature  sense  as  one  of  the  great 

world  figures  of  his  day.  The  completion  of  the  second  McKinley  (Roosevelt)  term 
had  secured  the  full  establishment  of  the  policy  of  expansion.  Our  navy  had  become 
strong  and  efficient  under  Mr.  Roosevelt's  guidance.  The  army  had  been  thoroughly  re 
organized  through  Mr.  Root's  constructive  statesmanship  and  his  ability  to  win  the  ap 
proval  of  Congress  for  his  policies.  We  were  gaining  renown  through  extirpation  of 
yellow  fever  in  Cuba  and  our  success  in  sanitary  measures  at  Panama. 

The  international  prestige  of  the  United  States  was  enormously  increased,  and  in  the 
eyes  of  the  world  President  Roosevelt  was  the  man  who  typified  the  Twentieth  Century 
America.  He  had,  of  course,  followed  in  McKinley's  footsteps  in  so  far  as  he  saw  the 
path  of  duty  leading  in  that  direction.  But  it  had  been  easy  to  work  with  Mr.  McKin 
ley's  appointees,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  had  found  no  difficulty  in  holding  to  his  pledge  of 
September,  1901,  that  he  would  do  his  best  to  carry  out  Mr.  McKinley's  plans. 

Now,  however,  the  country  had  deliberately  chosen  him  for  its  helmsman,  and  there 
could  be  no  doubt  of  its  mandate  to  go  forward  according  to  his  own  judgment.  It  was 
not  necessary  to  wait  for  inauguration  day  in  March.  The  new  mandate  took  effect  on 


116 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


From  Puck.     CupyrigLt,  1905.     By  permission. 


AVE    THEODORE! 


election  day  in  November,  and  his  message  to  Congress  in  December  came  with  a  strength 
and  force  that  had  perhaps  been  equalled  in  none  of  his  previous  state  papers.  It  was 
then  that  he  laid  down  that  guiding  principle  of  the  "  square  deal," — the  determination  to 
secure  justice  to  all  men  to  the  best  of  his  ability,  to  capitalist  as  well  as  to  workman ;  to 
humble  immigrant  or  Asiatic  coolie  as  well  as  to  the  descendants  of  the  Pilgrims  or  the 
Patroons.  And  recognizing  the  commanding  prestige  that  the  United  States  had  secured 
abroad  as  a  result  of  its  new  policies  and  recent  growth,  the  Roosevelt  administration 

gladly  accepted  the  responsibilities  and  the 
opportunities  that  go  with  prestige  and 
power. 


From  Puck.     Copy 


Ky  permissii 


ALL  HIS  OWN 

(Mr.  Roosevelt,  after  completing  President  Mc- 
Kinley's  second  term,  entered  upon  his  own  elective 
term  of  four  years.) 


\ 


CONGRESS   OPENS 

(The     President     hastening     to     the     Capitol     with 

voluminous   proposals   for  new  legislation.) 

From  the  Evening  Herald  (Duluth) 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


117 


THE  NOBLEST  ROMAN  OF  THEM  ALL.— From   Judge   (New  York) 


The  influence  of  the  United  States  was 
henceforth  to  be  exerted  on  behalf  of  inter 
national  peace  and  good  will.  Our  govern 
ment  promptly  took  the  lead  in  proposing 
to  the  powers  of  Europe  the  holding  of  a 
second  peace  conference  at  The  Hague, 
with  a  view  to  completing  several  steps  that 
had  been  left  for  a  future  gathering  by  the 
original  conference  of  1899.  The  proposal 
met  with  general  .European  favor,  and  Mr. 
Roosevelt  was  everywhere  accorded  the 
credit  *or  initiating  the  gathering, — al 
though  our  government  very  gracefully  con-' 
sented  that  Russia  should  issue  the  formal 
invitations,  as  for  the  original  conference. 

The  breaking r  out  of  the'jfierce  and  regret 
table  war  in  Manchuria  between  Russia  and 
Japan  led  to  the  postponement  of  the  peace 
e-athering  until  after  that  conflict  had  been 


WHICH  WAY? — From  the  Record-Herald   (Chicago) 

(He  [the  Senate]  will  make  no  mistake  if  he  follows  the 

footprints.) 


118 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


r 


brought  to  an  end,  with 
its  sharp,  fresh  lessons  of 
the  horrors  of  war  and 
the  need  of  preventing  it 
by  constant  endeavor  to 
substitute  diplomacy,  ar 
bitration,  or  a  permanent 
high  court  of  justice 
among  the  nations.  The 
proposal  of  a  peace  con 
ference  by  so  militant  a 
personage  as  Mr.  Roose 
velt  gave  some  of  the  car 
toonists  of  this  country, 
as  well  as  of  Europe,  the 
opportunity  for  satire  that 
was  invoked  rather  in 
humor  than  in  malice. 
-  Mr.  Roosevelt  was 
everywhere  mentioned  as 
the  man  who  was  "  bound 
to  have  peace  even  if  he 
had  to  fight  for  it."  The 
idea  of  the  "  Rough 
Rider  "  seeking  to  compel 


UNCLE  SAM,  ADVANCING  WITH  ROOSEVELT  AND  HAY  TOWARD  THE  TEMPLE 
OF  UNIVERSAL  PEACE,  INDORSES  MR.  HAY'S  SENTIMENTS,  AND  ADDS  :  "  And  we'll 
continue  right  along  the  same  path,  boys  !  " 

From  the  Ohio  Siate  Journal  (Columbus) 

the  angel  of  peace  to  exercise  her  gentle 
ministrations,  made  the  world  smile  cheer 
fully  and  helped  the  good  cause  not  a  little. 
The  fact  is  that  until  the  peace  of  the 
world  is  firmly  established  by  universal 
treaties,  and  ample  provision  for  interna 
tional  courts  and  international  police,  cer 
tain  nations  must  take  it  upon  themselves 


LORD  OP  THE  NEW  WORLD 

ROOSEVELT  :  "  Take  that  statue  of  Frederick  the 
Great  away,  until  a  statue  of  Monroe  has  been  set  up 
in  Berlin." 

(Referring    to    a    statue    presented    to    the    United 

States  by  Emperor   William.) 

From  Der  Floh   (Vienna) 


DOUBTING     THE     ROUGH    RIDER'S     PEACEFUL 
PROPOSAL 

THE  GODDESS   OF   PEACE  :   "  Fly  away,   my   doves. 
Roosevelt  would  snare  you." 

From  Fiscttietto    (Turin) 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


119 


•1 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT'S  PROPOSAL  TO 
HOLD  A  SECOND  PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT 
THE  HAGUE,  AS  IT  SEEMS  TO  A  GERMAN 
SATIRIST,  WHO  IS  THINKING  OF  ALL 
THAT  HAS  HAPPENED  SINCE  THE  CZAR 
CALLED  THE  FIRST  CONFERENCE. 

PRESIDENT  :    "  Gentlemen,    I    thank    you    for 
coming ;  it  is  the  best  witness  to  the  enthusi 
asm  with  which  you  have  hitherto  regarded  the 
Czar's  idea  of  a  universal  peace." 
From   Ulk    (Berlin) 


to  use  their  own  influence  and 
power  to  help  keep  the  world 
in  order.  Mr.  Roosevelt  saw 
this  duty  clearly,  and  had  no 
shrinking  from  its  perform 
ance.  He  did  not  in  the  least 
object  to  being  pictured  as  the 
"  World's  Constable."  He  be 
lieved  that  it  was  quite  clearly 
the  business  of  the  United 
States  to  maintain  peace  and 
order  throughout  the  whole  of 
North  America  and  the  re 
gions  around  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  including  the  West  In 
dies,  Central  America,  and  the 
countries  on  the  northern  coast 
of  South  America. 

He  regarded  it  as  our  duty, 
furthermore,  through  friendli 
ness  and  good  will,  to  serve 
the  cause  of  peace  for  the  re 
mainder  of  South  America.  As 


for  the  Pacific  Ocean 
and  the  Farther  East, 
we  had  also  a  duty  to 
perform  in  that  region. 
It  was  our  business  to 
maintain  friendly  rela 
tions  with  Japan  and  to 
help  support  the  integ 
rity  of  China.  With 
Alaska,  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  and  the  Philip 
pines  in  our  possession, 
besides  our  great  States 
of  the  Pacific  seaboard, 
and  with  the  Panama 
Canal  in  process  of  con 
struction,  it  was  evident 
that  our  interests  in  the 
Pacific  had  become 
larger  than  those  of  any 
other  single  power. 

Mr.    Roosevelt's    atti 
tude  was  not  belligerent, 


THE  ANGEL  OF  PEACE  :  "  Help  !  help  !  " 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


H 


120 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  WORLD'S  CONSTABLE 

Judge,  January  7,  1905 

but,  on  the  contrary,  was  most  tactful,  and  friendly  toward  all  the  powers  of  America, 
Europe,  and  Asia.  But  it  was  an  attitude  of  firmness  and  of  conscious  recognition  of 
power.  Instead  of  arousing  the  hostility  of  an  ambitious  monarch  and  empire  like  those 
of  Germany,  this  American  attitude  helped  to  establish  us  in  the  good-will  of  the  peo 
ple  and  the  government  of  that  great  nation.  Further,  we  were  more  free  from  differ 
ences  of  opinion  with  the  people  and 
government  of  the  British  Empire  than 
at  any  previous  time  in  all  our  history. 

A  certain  masterfulness  that  the  ad 
ministration  had  assumed  in  its  interna 
tional  relations  was  also  felt  in  its  poli 
cies  of  law  enforcement  at  home.  The 
question  had  been  boldly  asked  whether 
the  great  aggregations  of  capital  had  not 
become  so  powerful  as  to  be  able  to  con 
trol  politics,  the  press,  and  the  organs 
of  government.  Mr.  Roosevelt  stood 
firmly  on  the  ground  that  law  and  gov 
ernment  must  be  supreme  over  the  cor 
porations  created  under  the  law.  It  was 
to  be  a  long  and  difficult  struggle, — that 
of  finding  the  best  way  to  regulate  and 


control  the  forces  of  modern  business 
without  hampering  them  in  their  proper 
development  and  progress.  It  is  by  no 
means  to  be  asserted  that  Mr.  Roosevelt 


CHORUS  OF  GRAFTERS  AT  THE  WINDOW  : 
der  what  lie's  going  to  say  about  us?'' 
From  the  Tribune  (Chicago) 


I   won- 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


121 


ROOSEVELT  AS  THE  RISING  SUN  OF  YANKEE 
IMPERIALISM: 

(A  Spanish  view.) 
From  Hojas  Selectas    (Barcelona) 

possessed  any  rare  or  peculiar  wisdom  in  his 
dealing  with  such  subjects. 

He  had  no  desire  to  destroy  the  forces  of 
modern  business.  He  had  none  of  the  an 
tagonism  toward  corporations  that  Mr. 
Bryan  had  always  shown.  But  he  perceived 


UNCLE  SAM  (to  President  Roosevelt)  :  "  Before  you 
oan    bring    about    world    peace,    you    must    establish 
peace  in  your  own  land  by  killing  the  trust  monster." 
From  the  Amsterdammer  (Amsterdam) 


THE    TWO    DOVES    OF    PEACE 
From  the  World-Herald   (Omaha) 


HE    REJOICES    OVER    HIS    LL.D.    FROM 
PENNSYLVANIA 

•DR.     HOIIENZOLLER.V     TO     DR.     ROOSEVELT:     "While 

we  are  in   these  togs,  whv  not   review   mv   ships  at 
Kiel?" 

From  the  Amsterdammer  (Amsterdam) 


122 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  CHICAGO  PIG  STY 

(Even  the  hogs  blushed  with   shame  when   Presi 
dent   Roosevelt    revealed    to   them    the    hideous    fate 
awaiting  them  at  American  stockyards.) 
Prom  8tmpUd8*imw>  (Munich) 


KINDRED   SPIRITS   OF  THE   STRENUOUS   LIFE 

(The  German  Kaiser  and  President  Roosevelt.) 

From  Puncli   (London) 

that  if  some  great  capitalistic  enterprises 
were  beneficent  in  their  methods  and  re 
sults,  others  were  guilty  of  oppression,  and 
were  prospering  through  disregard  both  of 
the  laws  of  the  land  and  of  the  natural  rights 
of  a  host  of  citizens.  Mr.  Roosevelt  tried, 
therefore,  to  find  some  workable  applica 
tions  of  justice,  with  government  and  law 
supreme. 


CONFISCATED    BY    THE    BERLIN    POLICE    (See  text  on  p.  128) 
From  Punch  (London) 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


123 


During  the  Presidential  campaign,  the  trusts  consid 
ered  it  talk  for  political  effect. 


At  the  present  time,  they  think  Roosevelt  was  really 
in  earnest. 

THE  ILLEGAL  TRUST  IS  BEGINNING  TO  WAKE 
UP  TO  AN  UNPLEASANT  PACT 

From  the  Tribune  (Chicago) 

About  some  questions  he  was  an  oppor 
tunist.     For  example,  he  would  person- 


THE  ROOSEVELT  POLICY— PRESIDENT  OF  THE 

WHOLE   COUNTRY 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn) 


A  STRENUOUS  PERE^ORMANCE 

PROFESSOR  ROOSEVELT    (in  his  great   trust  act  i  : 

"  Ladies  and  gentlemen  :  In  order  to  demonstrate  the 

possibility    of    controlling   these   powerful    creatures, 

not  all  of  them  equally  tractable,  I  will  now  descend 

into  their  midst."    (Proceeds  to  get  out  of  his  depth.) 

From  Punch    (London) 


ally  have  been  glad  to  see  a  revision  of 
the  tariff  undertaken  somewhat  early 
during  his  second  administration.  He 
did  what  he  could  to  bring  the  question 
before  Congress  and  the  country.  But 
he  found  that  Congress  was  not  ready  for 
tariff  revision,  and  that  there  was  no 
compelling  sentiment  in  favor  of  it  any 
where  in  the  country.  His  convictions 
on  the  tariff  question  were  not  of  a  sort 
that  made  him  regard  it  as  his  duty  to 
go  forth  upon  a  crusade  against  the  Ding- 
ley  tariff.  As  a  party  question  and  as  a 
sectional  question,  the  tariff  was  no 
longer  in  the  thick  of  bitter  controversy. 
It  had  become  a  business  man's  question 
and  one  of  industrial  evolution. 


124 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


UNCLE  JOE   IN  NO  HURRY 
(Tariff   revision  not  greatly   disturbing  the   Speaker 

of   the   House.) 
From  the  Evening  Mail  (New  York) 

It  was  not  only  the  prestige  and  the 
power  of  the  United  States  in  world  mat 
ters,  but  it  was  also  the  confidence  felt  in 
President  Roosevelt  himself,  and  in  the 
fairness  and  good  will  of  our  government 
and  people,  that  made  it  possible  for  Mr. 


PULL,  THEODORE  !  PULL  ! 
(President   Roosevelt   and   Chairman   Cannon   in   the 

tariff  revision  tug  of  war.) 
From  the  Record-Herald  (Chicago) 

Roosevelt,  in  the  summer  of  1905,  to  bring 
about  a  conclusion  of  the  war  between  Rus 
sia  and  Japan  and  a  settlement  of  the  is- 


OH,    YES,    THEY'RE    PULLING    TOGETHER   ALL 
RIGHT 

From  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


THE  PRESIDENT  AND  SECRETARY  HITCH 
COCK  ARE  AFTER  BIG  GAME  IN  THE  PUBLIC 
LANDS  OF  THE  NORTHWEST 

From  the  Post  (Washington) 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


125 


IN  DOUBT 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  :  "  I  don't  feel  quite  certain 
that  I  can  separate  those  fellows  with  this  branch." 
From  the  Borsszem  Janko   (Budapest) 

sues  involved  by  the  adoption  of  a  treaty 
of  peace. 

This   was   perhaps   the    crowning   act    of 
Mr.    Roosevelt's    career.      Russia's    misfor- 


CONGRATULATIONS 

From  the  North  American   (Philadelphia) 

tunes  in  the  war  made  it  highly  desirable 
for  her  that  hostilities  should  end.  Japan's 
financial  resources  were  becoming  strained, 
and  it  was  better  for  her  future  power  and 
prestige  to  end  the  war  promptly  than  to 
continue  it.  Both  countries  were  on  terms 
of  especial  friendship  with  the  United 


THE  "  BIG   STICK  "   IN  A  NEW  ROLE 
UNCLE  SAM   (looking  at  the  olive  branches  wreath 
ing   the    Roosevelt    club)  :    "  Well,    I    guess    a    little 
strenuosity   is   worth   while   in   peace  as   well   as   in 
war." 

From  the  Press  (Philadelphia) 


THE   END  OF  THE   PEACE   CONFERENCE 
From  Klods-Haus   (Copenhagen) 


126 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE    PEACE 
MAKER 

("  Now,  be 
good,  boys,  and 
throw  your 
selves  at  the 
feet  of  this 
divinity.") 

From    Hojas 

Selcctas 
(Barcelona) 


INTERNATIONAUS.S 

iFfltlEDENS  ~ 

- BUREAU 


States.  And  thus  Mr.  Roose 
velt  was  able  to  bring  them 
into  negotiation  for  settle 
ment,  and  through  his  influ 
ence  and  earnest  intercession 
and  efforts,  the  Treaty  of 
Portsmouth  was  drafted  and 
signed,  and  one  of  the  great 
wars  of  history  brought  to  an 
end. 

This  achievement  was  in 
deed  appreciated  in  the  United 
States  as  constituting  a  bright 
page  in  the  country's  history. 
But  it  was  even  more  widely 
recognized  in  Europe  and 

AT  THE  PEACE  AGENCY 
•WITBOI  :  "  Would  you  be  good  enough 
to  bring  about  peace  between  myself 
and  Trotha?  I  would  likewise  agree  to 
pay  no  war  indemnifications  whatever." 
(The  above  refers  to  the  uprising  of 
the  Bauzelswarts  under  their  chief. 
Witboi.  in  German  East  Africa.  This 
uprising  was  finally  suppressed  by  von 
Trotha,  then  in  charge  of  the  military 
affairs  of  the  colony.  The  sign  reads  : 
•'  Great  International  Peace  Agencii. 
Orders  carefully  and  promptly  execut 
ed.  Medals,  diplomas  and  testimonials 
from  several  Crowned  Heads  of  Eu 
rope.") 

From  Flk  (Berlin) 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


127 


THE    TABLETS    OF   AZIT-TIGLETH-NHPHANSI,    THE    SCRIBE. 


NINETEENTH   FRAGMENT. 


In  the  lines  numbered  from  1  to  47,  inclusive,  accompanying  the  above  "  Tablet  "  of  "  Azit-Tigleth-Miphansi, 
the  Scribe,"  published  in  London  Punch,  is  recorded  the  situation  of  the  belligerent  forces  of  Russia  and 
Japan  just  previous  to  the  making  of  peace.  "  The  Bit-Jappis,  the  heroes  of  Nippon,"  had  played  Jiu-Jitsu  with 
the  Russian  armies — "  with  their  miriadz-ov-kossaks  in  moth-iten-kaftans,"  and  had  them  "  all  stymied  and  bun- 
kahd,  checkmated  and  flummoxed."  The  Russian  commander,  meanwhile,  "  inspired  by  a  passion  for  fighting 
...  on  paper,  sits  and  twirls  his  mustashis  (mendaciously  martial),  writes  fire-eating  dispatches  describing 
the  pitiful  state  of  Kuroki !  Tells  his  poor  little  master,  who  crouchcs-in-ermin,  that  all  is  now  ready — one  word 
will  let  loose  his  victorious  legions  "  ;  and  that  he  "  proposes  to  take  for  his  breakfast  next  morning  Oyama-on- 
toast,  with  Oku,  and  Nogi  and  Nodzu  for  luncheon,  .  .  .  that  he  can't  quite  decide  which  quarter  of  Tokio 
he'll  live  in."  The  chronicle  goes  on  as  follows : 


48.  Then  did  Teddy  the  Toothful,  the  lord  of  64. 

49.  the  Yankiz,  the  king  of  the  Cowboys,  65. 

50.  the  ruler  of  Ilennessy,  Dooley  and  66. 

51.  others, — a  wonderful  blend,   Hohenzollern —  67. 

52.  cum-Cody, — who  dwells  in  the  White  House,  (jg 

53.  exchange  his  rough-riding,  vaqucrolaik  (39 

54.  garments  for  a  more  or  less  accurate  JQ 

55.  classical  costume  with  property  wings  71. 

56.  safety-pinned  to  his  shoulders, — a  sweeter 

57.  presentment  of  Peace  one  can  hardly  72. 

58.  imagine,  .  .  .  adjusting  73. 

59.  his  pinzneh,  his  face  wreathing  in  smiles  that  74. 

60.  would  easily  reach  from  New  York  to  Vancouver  75. 

61.  his  prominent  teeth  fairly  gleaming  with  hai-laitz,  7(5. 

62.  with  the   olive-branch   sweetly   extended  77. 

63.  in  nice  little  portly  and  spatulate  fingers  78. 


and  pointing  his  toes  in  a  dancing  position 
he  advanced  to  the  parties  concerned  and, — 
well,  really,  they  couldn't  resist  him. 
To  the  bay  of  the  oyster  did  they  come.  .  .  . 
The  Bit-Jappis  Komura  did  send 
scdeit,  maikroskopik,  frock-coated  and  silent 
and  like  as  the  shell  of  the  oyster  were  his  lips 
closed  and  the  pushing  reporter  could  get  no  ad 
mittance 

and  wore  out  his  boots  and  his  language  together 
as  he  tramped  the  piyazza. 
But  Nikkithetsar  sent  the  doughty  Dewitte 
(they  expected  some  muskovaithail  and  they 
got  it)  ;   with  a   makhia-vclyan  keutniss  selected 
an  honest  diplomatist    (no  doubt  of  malice 
aforethought)  E.   T.  *R. 


128 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PRESIDENT    ROOSEVELT.    THE    PEACE    SHOWMAN 
"  Here,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  is  the  newest  attraction.     Thi;- 
bear,  a  ravenous  beast  of  prey  subdued  by  Togo  and  Oyama,  i 
now  so  tame  that  he  subscribes  to  anything  that  is  dictated 
him."   From  Hvmoristische  Blatter  (Vienna) 


Asia,  where  the  magnitude  of 
the  war  and  the  profound  conse 
quences  of  an  unforeseen  kind 
that  follow  in  the  wake  of  so 
colossal  a  struggle  were  more 
vividly  felt  and  better  under 
stood. 

Thus,  Mr.  Roosevelt's  interna 
tional  reputation  as  a  peace 
maker  suddenly  flamed  up  and 
filled  the  eyes  of  an  astonished 
world.  Congratulations  came 
from  all  lands.  The  Emperor 
William  of  Germany  is  reported 
to  have  cabled :  "  The  whole  of 
mankind  must  unite  in  thanking 
you  for  the  great  boon  you  have 
given  it."  The  cartoonists  be 
gan  with  increasing  frequency 
to  picture  Roosevelt  and  the 
German  Kaiser  together  as  "kin 
dred  spirits  of  the  strenuous 
life  " ;  and  a  cartoon  in  the  Lon 
don  Punch  to  that  effect  was  con 
fiscated  by  the  Berlin  police  as 
lacking  in  the  reverence  due  to 
two  men  so  noble  and  majestic, 
whereupon  the  irreverent  car- 


THE   LATEST   ECLIPSE 
From  the  World   (New  Yorl:  I 


THE  MAX  OF  THE   HOUR 

(The  Cuban   people   congratulate   President   Roosevelt   on 
his  success  as  a  peacemaker.) 

From  La  Dimension    (Havana) 


X 


As  Peace-Maker  and  World  Figure 


129 


J 


lie  attends  to  San  Domingo 


He  hands  Mr.  Castro  a  few 


He  jumps  on  the  Senate 


He  writes  on  the  race  question  He  lands  on  the  Standard  Oil  Co.  He  attends  a  banquet  in  New  York 


tie  superintends  the  preparations  He   passes   a   hot   message   to  the  He  pauses  a  moment  to  make 

for  inauguration  day  Senate  plans  for  a  hunting  trip 

ONE    OF    MR.    ROOSEVELT'S    QUIET    DAYS 
From  a  cartoon   by  McCutcheon,   of  the  Chicago  Daily  Tribune 


130 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Copyright,  19 


ce  McFarland  Company. 


THE    PRESIDENT    OX    HIS    PORCH    AT    OYSTER     BAY 
From   a   photograph  taken  in  1905 

toomst,  Mr.  E.  T.  Reed,  drew  a  caricature  of  his  original  cartoon.  Both  pictures  are  re 
produced  on  page  122;  and  another  amusing  drawing  by  the  same  artist,  which  we  have 
reproduced  on  page  127,  records  the  deeds  of  the  peace-making  Theodore  under  the  guise 
of  an  old  Assyrian  tablet  and  chronicle. 

And  thus  the  press  of  all  Europe  made  much  of  the  Treaty  of  Portsmouth ;  while 
the  Norwegian  parliament,  at  the  first  opportunity,  awarded  to  Mr.  Roosevelt  the  Nobel 
Prize  as  the  man  who  had  done  the  most  within  the  year  to  promote  the  world's  peace. 


CHAPTER  XX 

The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


SOME  casual  remark  of  Air.  Roose 
velt's,  quoting  the  old  proverb  that 
it  is  well  to  speak  softly  but  carry 
a  big  stick,  had  caught  the  visualizing 
imagination  of  the  cartoonists ;  and  on 
many  occasions  they  have  found  it  con 
venient  to  depict  him  as  armed  with  a 
heavy  club.  He  was  not,  however,  mak 
ing  belligerent  use  of  that  or  of  other  of 
fensive  implements  in  the  year  that  fol 
lowed  his  inauguration.  There  were  many 
other  matters  of  international  concern  in 
the  spring  and  summer  of  1905  besides 
the  Russo-Japanese  war  and  its  termina 
tion.  There  was  a  Pan-American  Con- 


THE  SENATE  TO  THE  PRESIDENT  :  "  Say !  What's  It 
about?" — From  the  Herald  (Boston) 

(Referring   to   Mr.    Roosevelt's   efforts   to  straighten 
out   the   finances   of   San    Domingo.) 


THE   BIG    STICK   IN   THE    CARIBBEAN    SEA 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


132 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT   (on  his  way  to  Texas)  :  "  Oh,  things  will  be  all  right  in  Washington.     I  have  left  Taft 
sitting  on  the  lid  keeping  down  the   Santo  Domingo  matter." — From   the   Plain  Dealer    (Cleveland) 


THE   ARRIVAL   OF  ROOSEVELT 


"  THE  CALL  OF  THE  WILD  " 
(The   wild   animals    which    Mr.    Roosevelt   encoun- 


(How   the  Texas  bears  had  warning  that   somebody  was  ters   on   his  hunting   trip  also  prefer   arbitration   to 

coming.)  war.) 

From  the  Herald  (Rochester)  From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  New  York) 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


133 


THE    PRESIDENT    GOES    A-HUNTING— LEADING    THE    SIMPLE    LIFE    IN    COLORADO 

From  the  Sorth  American   (Philadelphia) 


"  THE    WINNING    OF    THE    WEST  " 
(Apropos   of  the   reception   tendered   to   President 
Roosevelt   by    the   leading    Democratic   club    of    Chi 
cago.) 

From  the  World   (New  York) 


gress  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  we  were  bent 
upon  using  that  occasion  as  a  means  of  in 
creasing  our  friendly  relations  with  South 
America.  Secretary  Hay  had  passed  away, 
and  his  place  at  the  head  of  the  Department 
of  State  had  been  rilled  by  the  Hon.  Elihu 
Root. 

Air.  Root,  after  five  years  of  eminent  serv 
ice  under  McKinley  and  Roosevelt  as  Secre 
tary  of  War,  had  returned  to  the  practice  of 
law  in  New  York,  refusing  to  be  a  candidate 
for  governor  and  a  prospective  candidate  for 
the  Presidency  in  1908,  and  having  no  ambi 
tions  for  further  public  office.  But  the  call 
to  be  Secretary  of  State  is  one  that  it  has 
been  the  tradition  of  eminent  New  York 
lawyers  to  accept.  Even  while  Secretary 
of  War,  Mr.  Root  had  been  the  leading 
member  of  the  cabinet,  and  the  President's 
chief  adviser  in  foreign  matters  involving 
legal  knowledge.  He  brought  to  the  post  of 


134 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT'S  FORTHCOMING  FEAST,— A  SOUTH 
AMERICAN  VIEW  OF  THE  LATEST  APPLICATIONS  OF  THE 
MONROE  DOCTRINE — From  Succcaos  (Valparaiso,  Chile) 


Secretary  of  State  a  pecu 
liar  personal  fitness  for  its 
duties,  and  a  compre 
hensive  knowledge  of  its 
problems. 

Mr.  Root,  more  than 
any  one  else,  had  devised 
the  arrangement  which 
brings  Cuba  under  our 
protection  and  control  in 
certain  emergencies.  It 
now  devolved  upon  him 
to  find  a  way  for  the  regu 
lation  of  the  broken-down 
finances  of  the  little  re 
public  of  San  Domingo. 
The  European  powers 
were  bent  upon  a  forcible 
collection  of  their  debts, 
San  Domingo  having  de 
faulted  upon  its  foreign 
bonds.  Our  government 
virtually  guaranteed  a 
new  issue  of  San  Do 
mingo  securities,  and  was 
permitted  to  take  charge 
of  the  custom-houses  in 
order  to  satisfy  foreign 
creditors  and  promote  the 
peace  of  the  distracted 
island.  Mr.  Root,  mean- 


PEACEMAKER  ROOSEVELT  :  "  I've  mended  worse  rips." 
Prom  the  Star-Journal   (Pueblo) 


MOKE    TROUBLE    FOR    THE    INTERNATIONAL 
POLICEMAN 

From   the  Record   (Philadelphia) 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


135 


THE    YANKEE    PERIL.    AS    PICTURED    BY    ONE 
ARGENTINE    JOURNAL 

From  Corns  y  Caretas   (Buenos  Aires} 


ROOSEVELT  AND  ROOT  IN  BRAZILIAN  EYES 
(The  Malho,  of  Rio  Janeiro,  commenting  on  a 
minor  incident  growing  out  of  local  political  ani 
mosities  in  Argentine,  reports  the  following  alleged 
conversation  between  President  Roosevelt  and  the 
Secretary  of  State  :  Roosevelt :  "  How  is  it,  Brazil 
gave  you  flowers  and  her  neighbor  nation  stones?" 
Root  (calmly)  :  "  Each  one  gives  what  he  has,  Mr. 
President.") 

Mr.  Root's  visit  to  South  America  was  the  chief 
topic  of  the  cartoonists  among  our  Latin  neighbors 
to  the  south  at  the  time. 


From  Puck.     Copyright  1904.     By  permission. 

WHAT    WOULD    LINCOLN    DO? 

(President    Roosevelt,    in    dealing    with    matters   of   grave    importance,   was   often   guided   by   the   thought  of 

what  Lincoln   would   do  under  the  circumstances.) 


136 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  STORY  OP  KETTLE   HILL 

(President    Roosevelt    entertaining    the    Japanese    Peace 
Commissioners  at  Oyster  Bay.) 
Prom  the  Herald  (New  York) 


WHAT  IT  MAY  COME   TO 

(Peace  Missionary  Roosevelt  in  a  new  role.) 
Prom  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


while,  proceeded  upon  a  South  American  tour,  visiting  the   Pan-American   conference  at 
Rio  and  receiving  tributes  at  the  leading  capitals  of  other  South  American  republics. 

He  had  visited  Canada  with  fruitful  results  for  the  settlement  of  all  outstanding  ques 
tions  between  the  United  States  and  the  Dominion.  His  visit  to  South  America  was  of 
so  tactful  and  sympathetic  a  character,  and  so  appreciative  of  everything  creditable  in 
South  American  statesmanship  and  progress,  that  it  removed  not  a  little  of  the  prejudice 
that  had  existed  among  the  polite  peoples  of  Latinic  origin  in  the  Southern  republics 


MARCHING    THROUGH    GEORGIA 
(Referring    (o    President    Roosevelt's    trip    through    some 

Southern  States  in  1905.) 
From   the   Tribune    (Chicago) 


REJOICING  OVER  THE  END  OF  THE  HUNT 

THE  BEARS  :  "  We're  glad  he's  gone." 

From  the  Tribune    (Minneapolis) 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


137 


THE  FIGHT  OF  HIS  LIFE 
(Roosevelt    beginning    his    great    fight    for    railroad 

regulation.) 
From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  New  York) 


against  what  they  regarded  as  the  brusque,  THE     PRESIDENT'S     DETERMINATION     TO 

commercial  Yankee  nation.  HAVE  RATE  ™ULATION  CAUSES  WORRY  TO 


Mr.   Taft,  furthermore,  had  come  home 


THE  RAILROAD  MAGNATES 

From  the  Leader   (Cleveland) 


CHRISTMAS  AT  THE  WHITE  HOUSE— From  Judge  (New  York) 
(On  his  hobby,  anti-railroad  rebate  laws.) 


138 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  PRESIDENT  AND  THE  HOSPITABLE  SOUTH 

(Some   cartoons   on    this   and   the   following   page   refer   to    one  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  Southern  trips.) 

From  the  Post   (Washington) 


PRESIDENT     ROOSEVELT     BEING     WELCOMED 

TO  DIXIE  LAND 
From  the  Post   (Washington) 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT   HOUSECLEANING 
AGAIN 

(Apropos  of  a  scandal  in  connection  with  the  leak 
of   a   government   cotton   report.) 
From  the   Constitution    (Atlanta) 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


139 


«  UNDER    THE    PALMETTO    TREE 

THE   SOLID   SOUTH  :   "  Well,   sah,   Cunnel  Roosevelt,   you   all  suttinly   has   powahful  -persuadin'   ways.      I 
keeps  fohgettin'  you  ah  a  Republican,  but  I  reckon  you  ah  a  Democrat  on  your  mother's  side." 

From   the   Tribune    (Chicago) 

from  the  Philippines  to  take  Mr.  Root's  former  place  as  Secretary  of  War, and  he  had  at  once 
assumed  a  very  influential  place  in  the  cabinet.  With  Mr.  Root  on  his  travels,  and  Presi 
dent  Roosevelt  in  the  West  on  a  brief  hunting  trip,  Mr.  Taft  was  in  special  charge  of  the 
unfinished  business  relating  to  San  Domingo,  Cuba,  and  our  outlying  responsibilities  in 
general.  It  was  a  little  later  on  that  a  situation  of  chaotic  turmoil  somehow  arose  among 
the  little  republics  of  Central  America.  Again  the  man  with  the  "  Big  Stick  "  spoke  softly, 
and  peace  was  restored.  It  was  largely  by  Mr.  Root's  efforts  that  a  plan  was  devised  for 
settling  Central  American  difficulties  through  a  representative  tribunal  that  was  expected 
to  prevent  future  hostilities  among  half  a  dozen  small  sovereignties.  The  plan  was  good, 
even  if  it  has  not  as  yet  produced  the  expected  results. 

As  the  autumn  advanced,  the  attention  of  the  man  who  carried  the  big  stick  was 
centered  upon  the  approaching  session  of  Congress.-  It  was  his  determination  to  secure 
the  passage  of  a  law  that  would  put  an  end  to  the  almost  universal  practice  among  the 


140 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


f\Y     WESSflGE.    TO    e 

leBRlTORIES    TO    BE    GRANTED   ST/VTCHOOD. 
HELP     OUR     ORIE.NTHI,      TRUCE. 


SUPERVISION  or  INWRRNCE  conpflmts  &r  FEPERHL  GOV'MT 

QyaSHING    OF    REBflTE    EVtL.. 

UNIFORM  RIGHTS  TO  UA^OR  CLA&SE.S. 

^\Dn|NI5TjlfiTIVE  REFORn  IH  <30VeRMP\£MTflL    PI 

RFULROHO    RRTE    RCCrOuBTiorH. 
£cortOMY  IN  aovERNrteiT  CUPENDITU^CS. 

DlPLOnflTlC  R"0  CONSOUflR  SERVICE 

EMLARGMG  THE  MHVY. 
Aoccncrt  «f  BETTER  TARIFF  RELATIONS  « 


THE    SQUARE    DEAL 
From   the   Spokesman-Review    (Spokane) 


THEY   HAVE  TURNED  THEIR  MUD  BATTERIES 

AGAINST  HIM 

(President     Roosevelt's     vigorous     fight     against 
wrongdoing  of  various  kinds  brought   upon  him   all 
sorts  of  abuse  and  calumny  from   these  sources.) 
From   the   Spokesman-Revieic    (Spokane) 


railroads  of  granting  rebates  to  the  large 
corporations,  and  other  favored  shippers. 
The  principle  of  national  regulation  of  rail 
roads  had  become  firmly  established,  and  it  was  considered  that  the  one  point  above  all 
others  most  necessary  to  be  secured  was  the  equal  and  impartial  treatment  of  all  whose 
business  required  them  to  use  the  means  of  interstate  transportation.  It  was  a  hard 
fight,  but  the  legislation  was  secured,  its  results  were  accepted  by  the  railroads,  and  a 
great  reform  was  put  into  effect  that  the  railroads  have  since  regarded  as  even  more  val- 


A  NEW  TASK  FOR  THE  ROUGH  RIDER 
(In  the  spring  of  1906  a  threatened  coal  strike  en 
gaged  the  attention  of  the  President.) 
From  the  Leader   (Cleveland) 


"  CAUGHT   IN   THE  ACT  " 

(President    Roosevelt   turning   the   flashlight   of    the 

Garfield  report  on  the  Standard  Oil  monopoly.) 

From  the  Press  (Philadelphia) 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


141 


THE    PARTIES    AND    THE    PRESIDENT'S    RAIL 
ROAD   POLICY 
Prom  the  Post    (Washington,  D.  C.) 


TRYING   TO   BLOCK    HIS    WAY 
From   the   Tribune    (Minneapolis,) 


uable  to  them  than  to  those  who  had  so 
strenuously  fought  against  the  rebate  system. 

Along  with   the  granting  of  freight   rebates,  there   disappeared   the   granting  of  free 
passes  to  politicians  and  their  henchmen,  which    had    been    an    abuse    of    almost    incred- 


UNCLE   SAM    (to  the  railroad   trusts   and   obstruc 
tionists)  :  "  Give  the  President  a  chance." 

Prom  the  Evening  Mail   (New  York) 


UNCLE   SAM  IS  ON 

SENATE  :  "  Hey,  Uncle,  come  quick.  Look,  see 
what  the  terrible  Teddy  has  done  now — Panama — 
silver  coinage — Santo  Domingan  treaty — awful — 
wow  !  .'  !  " 

UNCLE  SAM  :  "  Say,  I'm  not  half  so  much  interest 
ed  in  what  Teddy  has  done  as  in  what  you  are  not 
doing." 

From  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


142 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  ROUGH  RIDER  :  "  San  Juan  Hill  is  not  in  it 
with  this  brute." 

From  Collier's  Weekly 


THE  THREE  R'S 

(President  Roosevelt   will    impress    them    upon    the 
pupils  of  the  Congress  School.) 

From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


ible  dimensions,  and  which  had  played  no  small  part  in  the  corruption  of  legislatures  and 
the  obstruction  of  honest  government. 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  messages  to  Congress  for  that  period  are  elaborate  discussions  of 
the  economic  and  social  conditions  of  the  country.  Their  value  as  presentments  of  fact, 
and  as  contemporary  discussion  of  evils  and  remedies,  will  have  great  appreciation  at 
the  hands  of  the  future  historian.  Thus  in  the  message  of  December,  1906,  statements 

are  made  regarding  the  working  of  the 
recent  Railway  Rate  bill ;  and  it  is  shown 
that  this  and  other  recent  legislative  steps 
toward  the  better  regulation  of  inter 
state  commerce  had  already  been  justi 
fied  in  experience.  In  view  of  conditions 
that  led,  in  1910,  to  the  enactment  of  the 
new  Railroad  Rate  bill,  with  its  enlarge 
ment  of  the  powers  of  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission,  it  is  worth  while 
to  quote  a  little  from  Mr.  Roosevelt's 
U  message  of  1906.  Let  us  take,  for  ex 
ample,  the  following  paragraphs : 

It  must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  with 
the  passage  of  these  laws  it  will  be  possible  to 
stop  progress  along  the  line  of  increasing  the 
power  of  the  national  government  over  the  use 
of  capital  in  interstate  commerce.  For  example, 
there  will  ultimately  be  need  of  enlarging  the 
powers  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
along  several  different  lines,  so  as  to  give  it  a 

"  JIU-JITSUED"  larger  and  more  efficient  control  over  the  rail- 

From  the  Post  (Cincinnati)  roads. 


^ 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


143 


HIS    FAVORITE    AUTHOR.— From    the    Chronicle    (Chicago) 


THE     LEGISLATIVE     SIDEWALK     SNOWBOUND 

THE   PRESIDENT'S   MESSAGE:    "Get   busy!" — From    the   Journal    (Minneapolis) 


144 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


It  cannot  too  often  be  repeated  that  experience  has 
conclusively  shown  the  impossibility  of  securing  by 
the  actions  of  nearly  half  a  hundred  different  State 
legislatures  anything  but  ineffective  chaos  in  the 
way  of  dealing  with  the  great  corporations  which  do 
not  operate  exclusively  within  the  limits  of  any  one 
State.  In  some  method,  whether  by  a  national 
license  law  or  in  other  fashion,  we  must  exercise, 
and  that  at  an  early  date,  a  far  more  complete  con 
trol  than  at  present  over  these  great  corporations, — 
a  control  that  will,  among  other  things,  prevent  the 
evils  of  excessive  overcapitalization, — and  that  will 
compel  the  disclosure  by  each  big  corporation  of  its 
stockholders  and  of  its  properties  and  business, 
whether  owned  directly  or  through  subsidiary  or 
affiliated  corporations. 

These  paragraphs  set  forth  a  program 
that  Mr.  Roosevelt  well  understood  could 
not  be  carried  out  at  once.  It  is  precisely 
the  program  that  President  Taft  took  up  in 
1909,  and  that  was  included  in  (i)  the  Rail 
road  Rate  bill,  which  became  a  law  in  June, 
1910;  (2)  the  work  outlined  by  President 
Taft  for  a  commission  to  report  upon  the 
best  way  to  regulate  the  issue  of  railroad 
stocks  and  bonds,  and  (3)  the  bill  of  Attor 
ney-General  Wickersham,  providing  for  the 
federal  incorporation  of  railroads  and  large 
industrial  companies. 

Many  of  the  progressive  ideas  advocated 
by  Mr.  Roosevelt  in  1905,  and  the  two  fol- 


THE  SPIRIT  OF  1906 

(With  President  Roosevelt,  Speaker  Cannon,  and 
Senator  Tillman  marching  in  harmony,  the  national 
spirit  of  1776  is  recalled.) 

Prom  the  Herald   (New  York) 


THE  LATEST  RECRUIT 
Prom  the  Press  (Philadelphia) 


"  YOU'RE  ANOTHER  !  " 
From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


The  "Big  Stick"  at  Home  and  Abroad 


145 


"NEXT!" 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


lowing  years,  which  brought  upon  him  the  enmity  and  violent  criticism  of  the  exponents 
of  great  corporate  wealth,  had  already,  by  the  time  Congress  adjourned  in  the  summer 
of  1910,  found  acceptance  as  self-evident  and  commonplace  doctrine  in  the  platforms  of 
both  wings  of  both  great  parties. 


A  NAUSEATING  JOB,  BUT  IT  MUST  BE  DONE 

(President  Roosevelt   takes  hold  of  the   investigating  muck-rake  himself  in  the  packing-house  scandal.) 

From  the  Saturday  Globe    (Utica) 


CHAPTER  XXI 

Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


FOLLOW    YOUR    LEADER,    THE   NEW   REPUBLICAN    GAME 

From  the  Herald    (Salt  Lake) 


THE  CANDIDATE 

From   the  Leader    (Cleveland) 


"  DEE-LIGHTED  " 
From  the  Inquirer   (Philadelphia) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


147 


Stereograph,  Copyrighted,  1906,  by  Underwood  &  Underwood    N.  Y. 

PRESIDENT    ROOSEVELT    AT    PANAMA    RESPONDING    TO   THE    WELCOME    OF    PRESIDENT 

AMADOR 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT'S  hold  upon  the  confidence  of  the  country  was  again  put 
to  the  test  in  the  Congressional  elections  of  1906.  It  was  recognized  that  the 
President  and  his  policies  formed  the  issue,  and  a  clever  cartoonist  at  the  time  de 
picted  Mr.  Roosevelt  as  the  candidate  in  front  of  the  polling  booths  of  every  State.  The 
campaign  was  also  notable  as  one  in  which  the  Republican  party  tried  to  obtain  its  funds 
by  small  popular  subscriptions  rather  than  in  large  sums  from  business  interests. 

Ever  since  the  Civil  War,  the  Republican  party  had  made  the  protective  tariff  its 
shibboleth,  and  had  relied  upon  the  manufacturing  interests  to  provide  its  election  funds. 
This  practise  of  collecting  from  wealthy  business  interests  had-  been  continued ;  but  it  be 
came  embarrassing  when  the  government  was  attempting  to  enforce  the  Sherman  .anti 
trust  law  to  break  up  illegal  railroad  practices  and  dissolve  industrial  combinations. 

The  election  having  resulted  in  an  emphatic  endorsement  of  the  administration,  Mr. 
Roosevelt  broke  the  traditions  which  had  held  our  President  strictly  upon  American  soil 
by  making  a  trip  to  Panama  to  inspect  personally  the  sanitary  and  engineering  work  of 
our  new  Canal  Zone,  and  to  pay  his  respects  to  the  young  Republic  of  Panama,  which  he 
had  been  accused  of  creating.  He  came  back  prepared  to  refute  the  attacks  that  had  been 
made  upon  our  beginnings  with  the  canal,  and  besides  his  regular  message  to  Congress, 
at  its  assembling  in  December,  he  prepared  a  special  message  on  conditions  at  Panama, 


148 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


'^8^p__ 

c^^/^^^^^ 


INSPECTING    THE    DITCH 

Peace   hath   her  trenches   no  less   than- 
From   the    Inquirer    (Philadelphia) 


NOW   WATCH    THE    DIRT    PLY! 

From  the  Globe  (New  York) 


"  DEE-LIGHTED  " 

(President  Roosevelt  has  illustrated  his  message 
to  Congress.  The  American  cartoonist  welcomes  him 
to  the  craft.  No  trouble  finding  something  "  to  do 
with  ex-president  Roosevelt.") 

From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


149 


A  FEW   SHOTS  AT  THE   KING'S  ENGLISH 

"  What  Mr.  Roosevelt  means  is  to  scrap  the  English  language.    He  is  a  patriot, 
not  a  pottering  Philologist,"  according  to  the  London  Saturday  Review. 
From  Collier's  Weekly   (New  York) 


providing  each  Con 
gressman  with  a  copy 
elaborately  supplied 
with  photographic  il 
lustrations. 

Incidentally  it  may 
be  said  that  these  mes 
sages  to  Congress  were 
much  commented  upon 
by  reason  of  their  use 
of  the  simplified  spell 
ing  that  had  been  rec 
ommended  by  a  group 
of  learned  gentlemen 
who  had  banded  them 
selves  together  to  re 
form  the  spelling  of 
the  English  language. 
They  had  appealed  to 
Mr.  Roosevelt  during 
his  summer  vacation 
at  Oyster  Bay  by  tell 
ing  him  they  had  hit 
upon  a  method  of 
arousing  an  apathetic 
nation  to  the  adoption 
of  phonetic  spelling 
not  by  gradual  process 
but  by  a  sudden  stroke.  If  Mr.  Roose 
velt  would  but  use  the  simplified  form  him 
self,  and  instruct  the  Government  Printing 
Office  at  Washington  to  put  all  public  docu 
ments  in  this  new  phonetic  dress,  the  re 
formed  system  would  be  virtually  estab 
lished,  and  the  newspapers  and  public 
schools  would  have  to  follow. 


TWISTING    THE    LION'S    TONGUE 
FATHER  TIME  (closely  examining  small  incision  in  tree 
truiiK)  :  "  Who's  been  trying  to  cut  this  tree  down?  " 

"  TEDDY  "  ROOSEVELT  (in  manner  of  young  George 
Washington)  :  "Father!  I  kannot  tel  a  li.  I  did  it  with 
my  litl  ax." 

FATHER  TIME  :  "  Ah,  well !    Boys  will  be  boys  !  " 
From  Punch  (London) 


KIKT  OUT! 
From  the  Spokesman-Review  (Spokane) 


150 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE    NEW    SCHOOL 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


The  outcome  proved,  however,  that  there  were  some  things  that  even  the  dauntless 
President  could  not  accomplish.  The  English  language  resisted  the  attack.  Mr.  Roose 
velt  accepted  his  defeat  with  entire  cheerfulness.  There  was  little  if  any  reformed  spell 
ing  in  his  Romanes  lecture  at  Oxford  three  or  four  years  later.  About  spelling  reform. 


TEACHING  THE  YOUNG   IDEA  HOW  TO   SPELL 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


THIS  DOES  SETTLE  IT 

(President  Roosevelt  positively  cannot  accept  the 
nomination  for  a  third  term  ;  he  has  undertaken  the 
introduction  of  spelling  reform,  and  that  is  trouble 
enough  for  one  man.) 

From   the   Tribune    (Minneapolis) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


151 


THE  PRESIDENT  CROWNED  AGAIN 
From  the  World   (New  York) 

t 

as  about  the  revision  of  the  tariff,  Mr. 
Roosevelt  was,  in  fact,  at  heart  an  oppor 
tunist.  At  one  time  or  another  he  urged 
both  reforms  at  the  request  of  his  earnest 


THE  ANGEL  OP  PEACE 

(The  Germans  think  he  looks  uncommonly  like  the 
American  President.  But  they  don't  quite  like  his 
looks  for  all  that.) 

From  K1fi(Jr1rra<latsch   (Berlin) 


MK.  ROOSEVELT  TO  NORWAY  :  "  Delighted  ! !  "    (The 
award  of  the  Nobel  peace  prize.) 

From  the  Press  (Philadelphia) 


WAIT  JUST  A  MOMENT,  MR.  PRESIDENT  " 
From  the  Leader   (Cleveland) 


152 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


and  convinced  friends ;  but  he 
himself  could  afford  to  abide 
the  general  verdict  and  await 
the  slower  processes  of  time. 

Through  all  this  period  there 
was  constant  and  relentless  ef 
fort  in  the  Department  of  Com 
merce  and  Labor,  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Interior,  and  the 
Department  of  Justice  to  prove 
and  to  punish  violations  of  law 
by  great  corporations.  Mr. 
Hitchcock  had  retired  from  the 
interior  Department,  to  be  suc 
ceeded  by  Mr.  James  R.  Gar- 
rield.  Mr.  Cortelyou,  after  the 
successful  campaign  of  1904, 
had  become  Postmaster-Gen 
eral,  and  in  the  middle  of  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  second  term  he 
had  been  transferred  to  the 
head  of  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment  upon  the  retirement  of  the  Hon.  Les 
lie  M.  Shaw.  Mr.  Moody,  who  had  suc 
ceeded  Mr.  Knox  as  Attorney-General  (Mr. 
Knox  having  entered  the  Senate)  was  as 
energetic  as  Knox  himself  in  the  prosecu 
tion  of  offending  corporations.  Meanwhile, 
a  vacancy  having  occurred  on  the  Supreme 
Bench,  Mr.  Moody  was  appointed  to  that 
high  tribunal,  and  Mr.  Charles  J.  Bonaparte 
became  Attorney-General. 


"  TEDDY  THE  GOOD  "  IN  A  NEW  ROLE 

"  It  is  a  very  laudable  purpose,  but  would  anybody  but  Theodore  Roosevelt    ever 
think    of    dedicating    a    Christmas   windfall    of  $40,000  for  such  a  purpose?" 
Prom  the  Times    (Brooklyn) 


UNCLE  SAM   (to  the  President)  :  "  Here,  Theodore, 
drop  that  and  get  back  to  your  old  job." 

From  the  Blade  (Toledo) 


JOHN  BULL  :  "  Thank  you,  Mr.  Roosevelt,  for  the 
prompt  kindness  of  your  navy  and  your  people  in 
this  terrible  disaster  at  Jamaica  \ 

From  the  Westminster  Gazette  (London) 


A  BUSY  DAY  IN  THE  CABINET 
From  the  Tribune  (Chicago) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


153 


"  I   TAKE   MY   PEN    IN   HAND  " 
From  the  Evening  Mail  (New  York) 

Mr.  Oscar  S.  Straus  had  succeeded  Mr. 
Cortelyou  as  head  of  the  Department  of 
Commerce,  and  Herbert  Knox  Smith  had 
become  head  of  the  Bureau  of  Corporations  succeeding  Mr.  Garfield.  Mr.  Pinchot,  who 
had  for  a  long  time  been  Chief  Forester  under  the  veteran  head  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  (Mr.  Wilson),  had  by  this  time  become  an  official  of  great  influence  and  power. 


ALL    READY    FOR    THE    FIREWORKS 
From  the  Tribune  (Chicago) 


THE  PRESIDENT  AND  THE  UNITED  STATES  SENATE 

(The   hen   vociferously   protests,    but   Farmer    Roosevelt    selects    the    eggs    just    the    same.) 

From  the  Saturday  Globe   (Utica) 


154 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PRESIDENT 


ROOSEVELT 
SEES 


AS     SENATOR 
HIM 


RAYNER 


From  the  Globe  (New  York) 


the   law    was   enforced    against    oppressive 
combinations. 

A  delicate  situation,  moreover,  had  arisen 
on  account  of  anti-Japanese  riots  in  Pacific 
Coast  States.  Japanese  laborers  were  not 
excluded  under  the  law  that  prevented  Chi 
nese  immigration.  A  good  many  Japanese 
laborers  were  finding  employment.  Cali 
fornia  demanded  the  extension  of  the  Ex 
clusion  act  to  Japanese  and  Korean  labor 
ers.  Japan's  victory  in  the  great  war  against 
Russia  had  naturally  enhanced  the  con 
sciousness  of  power  and  importance  among 
the  Japanese  people,  and  they  resented  the 
idea  of  exclusion  from  America.  The  sit 
uation  was  met  with  tact  and  good-will  by 
both  governments. 

The  great  financial  panic  that  spread  from 
the  banks  and  trust  companies  of  New  York 
City  throughout  the  country  in  the  last 
weeks  of  1907  created  situations  that  called 


His  strength  was  due  to  the  greatness  of 
the  situations  he  had  to  deal  with,  and  the 
breadth  of  his  view  and  the  strength  of  his 
grasp.  When  Mr.  Pinchot  had  taken  office 
years  before,  we  were  practically  without 
forest  reserves.  No  one  had  supposed  that 
our  timber  supply  could  be  exhausted.  But  by 
degrees  it  came  to  be  understood  that  great 
lumber  companies  were  managing  to  mo 
nopolize  the  forest  areas  that  remained  as 
part  of  the  Western  public  domain,  and  that 
for  reasons  of  large  public  policy  the  re 
maining  timber  areas  must  be  kept  as  na 
tional  forests. 

President  Cleveland  had  made  an  impor 
tant  beginning  in  this  direction  •  President 
McKinley  had  gone  still  further,  and  it  re 
mained  for  President  Roosevelt,  with  his 
exceptional  knowledge  of  the  physical  con 
ditions  of  the  country,  to  make  forest  pres 
ervation,  and  the  protection  of  other  great 
natural  resources,  one, of  the  leading  con 
cerns  of  his  administration.  There  was  ear 
nest  co-operation  among  all  the  executive 
departments  to  protect  the  public  domain, 
to  enforce  the  Interstate  Commerce  law  in 
the  interest  of  the  people,  and  to  see  that 


THE  TRUTH  ABOUT  THE  PANIC 

"  Teddy,  in  the  heat  of  Ms  eloquence,  beating  the 
table,  caused  to  fall  a  number  of  banks,  which  were 
already  worm-eaten.  Seizing  the  advantage  of  this 
accident,  he  began  to  thunder  against  business  cor 
ruption.  Yet,  during  nearly  eight  years  of  his 
'  reign '  he  did  nothing  to  suppress  these  corrupt 
practices.  He  escaped  at  the  end  of  his  term  by  stir 
ring  up  a  great  scandal. 

"  Teddy,  you  fool  nobody.     We  all  know  that  your 
anger  is  put  on  to  assure  you  a  fine  wind-up." 
From  Figaro  (Vienna) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


155 


NO  MOLLY-CODDLING  HERE 

(This  is  the  prevailing  Wall  Street  notion  of 
President  Roosevelt's  attitude  toward  corporate  in 
terests.) 

From  the  Globe  (New  York) 

for  government  relief.  Mr.  Roosevelt, 
through  his  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
Mr.  Cortelyou,  acted  with  his  accustomed 
promptness.  The  money  stringency  was  re 
lieved  by  the  government's  proposal  to  is 
sue  and  place  on  the  market  many  millions 
in  Panama  Canal  bonds,  and  many  more 
millions  in  short-term  notes  under  a  law  that 
had  been  enacted  in  the  period  of  the  Span 
ish  War. 

The  panic  illustrated  the  need  of  a  reform 
in  our  money  and  banking  system ;  and  Mr. 
Roosevelt  did  everything  in  his  power  to 
promote  the  view  of  those  who  were  work 
ing  for  banking  reform  and  an  elastic  cur 
rency.  There  were  many  financiers  embar 
rassed  by  the  panic  who  imagined  at  the 
time  that  President  Roosevelt's  efforts  to 
enforce  the  law  as  respects  interstate  com 
merce  and  industrial  monopolies  had  created 
distrust  and  brought  about  the^  crisis  that 
was  so  disastrous  to  the  stock  market.  Most 
of  those  men,  two  years  later,  in  looking 
back  upon  the  course  of  events,  would  have 
acknowledged  their  entire  mistake  as  to  the 
facts  and  causes. 

The  panic  had  been  brought  about  by  con- 


WALL    STREET    PAINTS    A    PICTURE    OF    THE 

PRESIDENT 
From  Collier's  Weekly  (New  York) 

ditions  of  over-speculation  and  bad  business 
methods  that  were  brought  clearly  to  light 
when  the  strain  came.  The  panic,  in  other 
words,  was  but  a  symptom  of  those  very 


THE  RAILROADS  AND  ROOSEVELT 

(Before  and  after  the  long  struggle  for  anti-rebate 

legislation.) 
From  the  Evening  Star   (Washington > 


156 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


"  WHOA  !  " 
(Apropos  of  the  President's  order  reserving  the  public 

timber  and  coal  lands.) 
Prom  the  Record-Herald  (Chicago) 

evils  in  the  industrial  and  commercial  world 
that  Mr.  Roosevelt  had  been  pointing  out 
and  trying  to  remedy. 


THE  THUNDERER 

Cseum   ipsum   petimus    stultitia   neque, 
Per  nostrum  patimur  scleus, 
Iracunda  Jovem  ponere  fulmina. 

—Horace,  Ode  III,  38-40. 
From  Collier's  Weekly   (New  York) 


NO    OCCASION    FOR    GENERAL    ALARM 

PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT:    "Don't   be    afraid,   gentlemen;    he    will    hurt    only    the    crooks." 
From  the   Saturday  Globe    (Utica,   N.  Y.) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


157 


THE    USUAL    VICTIM 
From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


Out   of   the    intense    discussion   of   that   period,  several  plans  of  financial  reform  were 
evolved ;  and  these  had  much  debate  during  the  ensuing  Presidential  campaign.     Thus  Mr. 


VACATION  TIME   ON   SAGAMORE   HILL 
Prom  the  Tribune  ( Minneapolis > 


PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT  :   "  Uncle  Sam,  it  seems  to 
me  that  this  tool  ought  to  be  used." 

From  the  Tribune  (Minneapolis) 


158 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


UNFORTUNATELY,     PRESIDENT     ROOSEVELT'S 
ARMS  ARE  NOT  LONG  ENOUGH 

From  Puck   (Tokio) 


DISCUSSION   IS  BETTER   THAN   CONCUSSION 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  :  "  Don't  butt ;  let's  talk  it 
over." 

From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  New  York) 

Bryan  made  himself  an  advocate  of  the  plan 
of  guaranteeing  bank  deposits;  and  he  se 
cured  the  endorsement  of  this  plan  in  the 
Democratic  platform.  Mr.  Roosevelt  and 
his  administration  agreed  with  most  of  the 
bankers  that  the  guaranteeing  of  deposits 
would  not  be  wise.  They  advocated,  on 
their  part,  the  establishment  of  a  general 
system  of  postal  savings-banks,  so  that  if 


THAT  INTERVIEW  AS  IT  WASN'T 

ADMIRAL  YAMAMOTO:   "Good  morning,  Mr.   Presi-  ADMIRAL   YAMAMOTO:    "We   are   going  to  have  a 

dent.     We  are  going  to  have  a  war —  warm  day  to-day." 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT:  "What's  that?"  PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT:   "Oh,   yes,   yes!      I   think 

we  are." 
From  the  Tribune   (Minneapolis) 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


159 


-^ 

PRESIDENT    KOOSEVELT    FINDS    THE    DENIZENS    OF    THE    CANEBRAKE    PREPARED 

From  the  Herald   (New  York) 

the  people  were  afraid  to  deposit  their  savings  in  ordinary  banks  they  could  commit  them 
to  the  care  of  the  government  under  reasonable  conditions.  It  was  believed  that  this 
might  be  an  especially  effective  thing  in  times  of  business  panic  or  distrust. 

In  the  last  two  years  of  the  administra 
tion,  the  place  of  Postmaster-General  was 


RECIPROCITY 

(One  good  lift  deserves  another.) 
From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


WHEREAT  I  WAS  MUCH  CAST  DOWN."— Theo 
dore  Roosevelt,   "  Hunting  Big  Game  " 
From  the  Herald  (New  York) 


160 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Now,  Mr.  Railroadman,  stock  watering  must  stop — 


Rates  are  too  high — 


Thev   must   come   down- 


Safety  must  be  guaranteed— 


I  hope  I  impress  my  meaning  on  you —  Good  day  !  " 

RAILROAD    LEGISLATION 
From  Collier's  Weekly 


Some  Activities  of  a  Versatile  President 


161 


AN    IMPREGNABLE    SHIELD 
From  the  Oazette~Tlmes   (Pittsburg) 


THE  VERY  SIMPLE  MESSAGE  OF  THE  BIG 

STICK.     HE  WHO  RUNS  MAY  READ 

From  the  Tribune  (Minneapolis) 

filled  by  Mr.  George  von  L.  Meyer,  who  had 
served  as  ambassador  at  more  than  one  lead 
ing  European  capital.  Mr.  Meyer  bent  all 
his  energies  toward  securing  the  adoption 
by  Congress  of  the  postal  savings-bank 
scheme ;  and  although  its  success  was  de 
ferred,  there  was  every  assurance  that  postal 
savings-banks  would  be  established  in  the 
very  near  future.  The  plan -was  endorsed  by 
the  Republican  national  convention,  and  Congress  accordingly  passed  the  bill,  with  Mr. 
Taft  and  the  Postmaster-General  (Frank  Hitchcock)  also  favoring  it,  early  in  1910. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  had  managed  through  these  years  of  high  pressure  and  varied  activity 
to  avoid  those  effects  of  strain  and  over-work  that  few  men  have  been  able  to  escape  whose 
responsibilities  are  great  and  whose  duties  are  incessant.  His,  through  the  Presidential 
years,  was  always  the  clear,  strong  mind  of  the  man  who  sleeps  well,  takes  his  exercise, 
and  wards  off  the  disease  called  worry. 

Thus,  as  the  panic  came  on  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  on  his  way  back  to  Washington  from 
a  bear  hunt  in  the  Louisiana  canebrakes.  These  absences  were  always  well-planned,  never 
interfered  with  public  business,  associated  themselves  with  helpful  visits  to  different  parts 
of  the  country,  and  kept  the  President  physically  able  to  meet  the  tasks  that  only  a  strong 
man  could  survive. 

That  period  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  Presidency  was  one  in  which  his  dominant  note  of  jus 
tice  and  public  duty  was  of  more  value  to  the  country  than  any  other  tone  or  quality 
could  have  been.  Whether  the  civil  service,  the  national,  forests,  tariff  reciprocity  with 
European  countries,  naval  growth,  insular  questions,  canal  problems  at  Panama,  an  army 
and  race  theme  like  the  Brownsville  affair,  or  any  other  of  a  hundred  topics  was  under 
consideration,  Mr.  Roosevelt  brought  to  bear  in  every  case  the  power  of  a  vigorous  mind 
and  conscience.  He  saw  in  a  clear,  broad  manner  the  thing  that  was  right  to  be  done,  and 
demanded  of  Congress  and  the  country  the  ethical  solution  and  no  other. 


CHAPTER  XXII 

Refusing  a  Third  Term 

NOTHING  like  the  Roosevelt  third-term  movement  had  ever  before  been  known  in 
American  history.     The   struggle  to  give  President  Grant  a  third  term  was  en 
tered  upon  by  his  friends  and  political  beneficiaries,  in  the  very  face  of  a  disap 
proving  national  and  party  sentiment.     But  the  movement  to  give  Roosevelt  a  third  term 


PRESIDENTIAL    TRANSPORTATION.— Both    cartoons  on  this  page  are  from  the  Journal,  Minneapolis 
THE  G.  O.  P.  ELEPHANT  :   "  Come,  Mr.  President,  I'll  furnish  you  another  free  ride  if  you'll  just  get  aboard. 


THE    HOUSE-HUNTERS     (BRYAN,    TAFT,    AND     FAIRBANKS) 
BRYAN  :    "  That   house    looks   good   to   me,    if   the   present    occupant  really  expects  to  give  it  up." 


Refusing  a  Third  Term 


163 


JIJST    A    LITTLE    BIT    NERVOUS 

THE   ELEPHANT:  "J  don't  like  the  looks  of  that  fellow,    Theodore.      You'd    better    stay    with    me    till 

past  1908." — From  the  Saturday  Globe   (Utica) 


I  get 


was  national  and  almost  irresistible,  and  its  successful  resistence  was  due  to  his  own  firm 
will  and  the  use  of  his  prestige  and  power  to  secure  a  different  result. 

Naturally  the  Republican  party  desired  success,  and  it  was  sure  to  win  under  his  leader 
ship.  But  he  had  made  his  announcement  on  election  night  in  1904,  and  he  saw  no  good 
reason  for  changing  his  mind.  He  was,  of  course,  plainly  bound  not  to  seek  in  any  way  a 
renomination,  or  to  abet  the  movement.  There  was,  however,  no  reason  of  honor  or  good 
faith  that  could  have  prevented  his  taking 
the  oath  of  office  and  serving  again,  if  he 
had  been  nominated  and  elected. 


ALTHOUGH  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  HAS 
"  IRREVOCABLY "  REFUSED  THE  THIRD  TERM 
NOMINATION,  IT  MAY  COME  TO  THIS  IN  1908. 

Prom  the   Spokesman-Review    (Spokane) 


THE  HUNTER  HUNTED 
From  the  .Journal  (Minneapolis) 


164 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


O     CQ 
O 


H  'Z 

t—\  " 

Lj  & 

1-1  O 

*  ^ 


Refusing  a  Third  Term 


165 


CJESAR'S    NO! 
From   Puck.     Copyright    1908.      By    permission. 


The  President  of  the  United  States  exercises  in  reality  a  greater  power  than  do  the 
hereditary  rulers  of  monarchical  countries.  A  masterful  and  positive  President  like  Mr. 
Roosevelt,  though  loyal  in  all  intent  to  the  Constitution,  drives  swiftly  to  the  ends  he 
deems  wise  and  right,  and,  builds  up  for  the  executive  an  authority  and  an  influence  that 
tend  to  permeate  the  whole  government.  So  popular  a  President  as  Roosevelt  influences 
political  situations  in  the  States,  and  without  any  such  precise  purpose  may  bring  under 
his  moral  sway  many  men  in  the  Congresses  he  has  helped  to  elect.  He  fills  vacancies 
in  the  federal  judiciary, — from  the  Supreme  Bench  to  the  district  judgeships  in  all  the 
States;  and  without  a  thought  of  undue  influence  over  the  judiciary,  he  may  name  a 
good  many  judges  of  his  own  way  of  thinking. 

Thus  the  power  of  a  strong  President  is  cumulative ;  and  there  is  wisdom  and  safety 
in  the  tradition  that  limits  the  President  to  a  consecutive  period  of  eight  years.  Mr. 
Roosevelt  had  not  read  American  history  amiss.  If  we  had  been  in  the  thick  of  a  great 
foreign  war,  and  the  country  regardless  of  party  had  insisted  upon  his  taking  another 
term,  he  might  have  seen  a  sufficient  reason  for  remaining  at  his  post.  But  the  country 
had  an  abundance  of  trained  and  capable  men,  and  there  was  some  reason  to  think  that 


166 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


RELIEVING    THEIR    ANXIETY 
(The    aspirants    for    the    Presidential    nomination 
pressing  Mr.  Roosevelt  to  repeat  his  declaration  that 
he  would  not  run  again.) 

Prom   the  Evening  Star   (Washington) 

the  time  had  come  for  a  President  of  a 
different  temperament.  Few  people 
will  ever  understand  how  great  a  pres 
sure  Mr.  Roosevelt  resisted.  Even  those  politicians  who  were  thought  to  be  opposing  him 
were  constantly  pressing  the  idea  upon  his  attention.  After  it  had  become  certain  that 
Taft  would  win  as  against  any  of  the  other  candidates,  there  was  a  renewed  effort  to  nomi 
nate  Roosevelt,  both  to  make  the  election  easier  and  also  to  clear  the  field  for  1912. 


TEDDY   AND    HIS    PRESIDENTIAL   SLATE 

Prom  the  American   (Nashville) 


THE    COUNTRY    IS    BACK    OF    HIM 

Go  ahead,  Teddy ;  whichever  path  you  choose  you  have  TJ.  S.  back  of  you. 
From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


Refusing  a  Third  Term 


167 


From  the  Eagle    (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


THE    PRESIDENT    AND   THE    GOVERNORS — ALSO    MK.  BRYAN 
(Mr.  Roosevelt  had  called  the  Governors   of  the  States  and  others  into 
a  great  conference  at  the  White  House    in  May,  1908,  to  consider  the  pres 
ervation  of  natural  resources.) 

Prom  the  Herald   (Washington) 


WE  MUST  PRESERVE 
]  OUR  NATURAL  RESOURCES." 


A  NATURAL  RESOURCE 

(Speaking  of  conserving  our  natural  resources.  Gov 
ernor,  do  YOU  think  he  could  be  'nduced  to  accept  a  third 
term?) 

From   the  Press    (New  \ork) 


FIRST   OF  ALL 
From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


168 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


YOU'VE  GOT  TO  REFORM  YOUR  EXTRAVAGANT 

HABITS.  OLD  MAN 
From  the  Herald   (New  York} 


THE   GOVERNORS ! 
(Were  there  moving  pictures  for  the  Governors?) 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


PRESERVE   THE   FORESTS 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


CHAPTER   XXIII 


Helping  to  Choose  His   Successor 

MR.  TAFT'S  candidacy  was  not  of  his  own  seeking,  neither  was  it  arbitrarily  forced 
upon  the  party  by  Mr.  Roosevelt.     It  was  the  result  of  much  consultation;  and 
Mr.  Taft,  who  would  have  preferred  to   return   to  the  federal  bench,  became   a 
candidate  only  because  it  was  the  prevailing  view  of  the  administration   and  the  party 
that  he  was  the  most  available  man.     Until  the  very  last  moment,  there  were  great  num 
bers  of  Republicans  who  clung  to  the  hope  that   the   convention   would   be   stampeded    for 
Mr.  Roosevelt. 


)C 


-  HE'S  ALL  RIGHT  " 
From  the  Evening  Mail   (New  York) 


NOT  A   WEAKLING 
From  the  Evening  World  (New  York) 

There  were  those  who  said  that  while 
Roosevelt  himself  would  be  acceptable  to 
them,  they  did  not  approve  of  his  dictating 
the  choice  of  his  successor.  Governor  Hughes  had  entered  upon  a  brilliant  record  in 
New  York,  and  it  was  decided  by  a  majority  of  the  New  York  delegation  that  his  name 
should  be  presented  at  the  Chicago  convention  as  a  candidate  for  Presidential  honors. 
Senator  Knox  was  the  favorite  son  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his  name  also  was  offered  to 
the  convention.  Vice-President  Fairbanks  had  the  endorsement  of  his  own  State  of  In 
diana,  and  some  strength  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Speaker  Cannon  had  the  great  State  of  Illinois  behind  him,  although  he  himself  re 
garded  his  Presidential  boom  in  the  light  of  a  mere  personal  compliment,  and  was  ready 
to  support  Taft.  The  delegation  from  Wisconsin  was  instructed  to  present  the  name  of 
Senator  La  Follette  by  way  of  reminding  the  convention  of  the  turn  in  that  gentleman's 
fortunes  since  the  refusal  of  the  convention  of  1904  to  seat  him  and  his  friends. 


170 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


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Helping  to  Choose  His  Successor 


171 


THE  SHADOW  ON  THE  WHITE  HOUSE  GROUNDS 

From  Judge  (New  York) 

But  Mr.  Roosevelt  fully  realized  that  if  the  convention  were  deadlocked  by  reason  of 
the  conflicting  claims  of  too  many  favorite  sons,  the  outcome  would  inevitably  be  his  own 
re-nomination.  He  bent  all  his  energies,  therefore,  toward  the  securing  of  enough  pledged 


SECBETAKY  TAFT    (to   the   President)  :   "What's   that  blamed  racket  ahead,  Theodore?" 
(Secretary  Taft  does  not  find  the  trip  to  the  White  House  devoid  of  adventure  and  opposition) 

From  the  Saturday  Globe   (Utica) 


172 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


LOADING    THE    BAND    WAGON 

From  the  Spokesman-Review  (Spokane) 


PRETTY  GOOD  AT  "  WINNING  THE  WEST 

HIMSELF 
From  the  Blade  (Toledo) 


A  LIVELY  CONVENTION 

(The   President  interested   in   the   New   York    State 
Convention.) 

From  the  World  (New  York) 


/ 


Helping  to  Choose  His  Successor 


173 


"THE   THIN   RED    LINE    OF    HEROES"    IN    THE    CONVENTION    OF    1908 
(The  Taft  delegates  standing-  firm  in  the  face  of  the  tremendous  enthusiasm  for  Roosevelt.) 

From  Collier's  Weekly 


THE  "  BIG  STICK  "  WAS  THERE 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,  New  York) 


DEE-LIGHTED;    OR,    THE    RINGMASTER 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,  New  York) 


174 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


TAPT'S   WRITING  MASTER 

From  the  World  (New  York) 


MR.  ROOSEVELT  GETS  THE  CHICAGO  NEWS 

WITH   EVIDENT  DELIGHT 
From  the  Philadelphia  Inquirer,  June  10 


delegates  to  nominate  Mr.  Taft;  and  so  the  thing  was  accomplished.  It  was  regarded  by 
the  country  as  an  endorsement  of  the  Roosevelt  administration,  and  a  determination  to 
continue  the  Roosevelt  policies. 

For  Mr.  Taft  had  been  a  very  conspicuous  and  highly  trusted  member  of  the  admin 
istration,  and  at  all  times  one  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  two  or  three  closest  advisers.  Mr. 
Roosevelt  had  a  very  high  opinion  of  all  his  cabinet  officers,  but  for  the  statesmanship  of 


THE  GREATEST  LEADER  OF  THEM  ALL 


From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


Helping  to  Choose  His  Successor 


175 


THE  PRKSIDENT  (to  Bryan)  :  "You'll  call  me  papa, 
will    you?" 

From  the  Journal  (Detroit) 

Mr.  Root  and  Mr.  Taft  he  had  an  especial 
regard.  He  ranked  them  with  the  great 
men  of  the  early  period  of  the  Republic  in 
respect  of  attainments,  experience  and  con 
structive  statesmanship. 


WE'VE    BOTH    HAD    A    PERFECTLY    CORKING 
GOOD  TIME !  " 

From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


"HE  BEGAN  IT,  TEACHER  "—(Messrs.  Hearst,  Roosevelt,  Bryan,  and  Kern  in  the  campaign) 

(The  National    Schoolmaster   is  somewhat   indignant   at  the  prevalence  of  mudslinging.) 

From  the  Saturday  Globe   (Utica) 


176 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ROPED ! 

\ 

From  the  Spokesman-Review   (Spokane) 

Governor  Hughes,  who  might  have  had  the  Vice-Presidency,  was  unwilling  to  accept 
it,  and  the  New  York  delegation  secured  the  convention's  approval  of  the  Hon.  James  S. 
Sherman.  The  ticket  of  Taft  and  Sherman  was  regarded  as  a  little  more  conservative 
than  Roosevelt  himself,  and  the  Democrats  were  ready  to  try  their  chances  again  under 
Mr.  Bryan's  leadership. 

The  old  opposition  to  Bryan  within  the  Democratic  party  had  largely  disappeared. 
There  was  a  strong  feeling  that  the  ticket  of  Bryan  and  Kern  might  win  against  that 
of  Taft  and  Sherman.  Mr.  Roosevelt  as  President  could  not,  of  course,  go  on  the  stump, 
but  he  took  an  intense  and  active  interest  in  the  work  of  the  campaign,  and  did  his  best 
to  refute  the  claims  of  Mr.  Bryan  that  he,  rather  than  Taft,  was  the  true  exponent  of 
Roosevelt's  progressive  policies.  The  election  of  Mr.  Taft  was  universally  hailed  as  an 
other  Roosevelt  victory. 

It  was  a  notable  thing  that  both  Taft  and  Bryan  were  presented  to  the  country  by 
their  chief  exponents  as  true  and  fit  successors  of  Roosevelt,  in  respect  of  their  doctrines 
and  policies  and  of  their  personal  attitude  toward  their  fellow-citizens  at  large.  The 
whole  campaign  as  conducted  on  both  sides, — even  though  it  developed  the  usual  asperi 
ties  and  heated  accusations, — was  in  reality  a  tribute  to  the  character  of  Roosevelt  as  a 
national  figure  who  summed  up  the  general  aim  and  common  belief  of  all  honest  and 
right-minded  men,  regardless  of  party. 

The  controversies  of  the  campaign  were  not  about  fundamental  things.  The  Repub 
licans  were  accused  of  receiving  campaign  contributions  from  Wall  Street, — with  con 
siderable  truth,  no  doubt, — and  the  opponents  of  Mr.  Taft  were  annoyed  by  disclosures 
connecting  some  of  them  with  a  certain  Trust  then  under  government  prosecution.  But 


Helping  to  Choose  His  Successor 


177 


THE  PRESIDENTIAL  HANDICAP !— From  the  Constitution  (Atlanta) 
(Mr.  Bryan  is  in  doubt  whether  he  is  running  against  Mr.    Taft  or  Mr.  Roosevelt.) 

these  things  were  mere  incidents,  inevitable  always  in  national  campaigns.  The  Roose 
velt  administration  was  again  before  the  country  for  endorsement.  Taft  was  part  and 
parcel  of  that  administration,  was  the  choice  of  Mr.  Roosevelt,  and  was  fully  ratified  by 
the  party.  And  the  country  in  the  election  once  more  gave  a  vote  of  its  confidence  in 
government  of  the  Rooseveltian  stamp. 


ALONE  I  DIDN'T  DO  IT 

Mn.   TAFT    (breathless  but  triumphant)  :    "  Thank 
you,   Teddy  !  " — From  Punch    (London) 


ROOSEVELT'S  BIGGEST  BUBBLE 
From  Pasquino   (Turin) 


178 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


1-  rom   J'uck.      Copyright,   1908.      By  permission. 

THE    DISPUTED    TITLE— WHO    OWNS    IT? 

(A  cartoon  expressing  the  idea  that  the  great  issue  of  Roosevelt's  administration 
had  to  do  with  the  attempt  of  privileged  and  corporate  wealth  to  control  the  country's  re 
sources  and  policies.) 


CHAPTER  XXIV 

Last  Phases  of  the  Administration 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  had  by  no  means  secured  ready  acquiescence  by  Congress  in  all 
of  his  policies,  and  his  last  year  was  full  of  storm  and  controversy.  Thus  in  the 
session  before  the  election  of  Mr.  Taft  he  had  laid  down  a  program  of  rapid  bat 
tleship  construction,  less  than  half  of  which  had  been  endorsed.  Nevertheless  he  had  seen 
our  navy  grow  to  formidable  dimensions. 

Early  in  1908,  he  had  sent  a  great  battleship  fleet,  under  Admiral  Evans,  to  make  a 
tour  of  both  South  American  coasts,  then  to  cross  the  Pacific  to  Honolulu,  Japan,  the 
Philippines,  and  China,  and  to  return  by  way  of  Australia,  the  Suez  Canal,  and  the  Medi 
terranean.  This  project  was  bitterly  criticised,  but  it  was  most  fortunate  in  its  outcome. 

Anti-Japanese  riots  in  California  had  stirred  up  some  feeling  of  antagonism  to  the 
United  States  among  the  more  ignorant  masses  in  Japan.  It  was  predicted  that  if  our 
ships  entered  Asiatic  waters,  they  would  encounter  those  of  Japan  in  hostile  action.  As 
it  turned  out,  the  fleet  was  received  with  enthusiasm  wherever  it  went,  and  nowhere 
more  than  in  Japanese  waters.  Its  visits  of  courtesy  at  the  South  American  ports,  and 
in  the  Far  East,  were  felicitous  in  their  strengthening  of  friendly  ties  with  all  the  coun 
tries  whose  seaports  were  entered  upon  the  route. 

For  a  full  year  before  the  end  of  his  term  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  using  leisure  moments 


CONGRESS  REFUSES  TO  APPROPRIATE 
WHAT  THE  PRESIDENT  RECOMMENDS  FOR 
NEW  SHIPS,  AND  THE  CARTOONIST  ATTRIB 
UTES  A  SMILE  TO  JAPAN 

From  the  Evening  Telegram   (New  York) 


T.    "VESUVIUS"    ROOSEVELT 

(Referring  to  Mr.  Roosevelt's  tremendous  activity.) 

From  Collier's  Weekly 


180 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


to  plan  his  trip  to  Africa  and  to  make  thor 
ough  preparations  for  his  expedition.  His 
eager  looking  forward  to  a  year  of  adven 
tures  in  a  new  field  strengthened  his  cour 
age  for  the  public  business  that  was  press 
ing  upon  his  attention.  The  prosecution  of 
the  Central  and  Southern  Pacific  railroads 
had  been  entered  upon  with  a  view  to  break 
ing  up  the  combination  they  had  formed. 

A  great  action  was  pending  for  the  dis 
solution  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  as  an 
illegal  trust.  Meanwhile  one  of  Mr.  Roose 
velt's  judicial  appointees,  Judge  Landis,  had 
imposed  an  enormous  fine  upon  the  Stand 
ard  Oil  Company  for  violation  of  the  law 
against  rebates ;  and  Judge  Grosscup,  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  had  reversed  Judge  Landis' 
decision.  During  the  campaign  the  rela 
tions  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  to  the 
press  and  to  politics  were  a  topic  of  violent 
controversy.  The  decision  of  Judge  Landis 

was  regarded  by  the  business  world  as  too  drastic  altogether,  and  there  had  grown  up  a 

feeling  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  pressing  with  undue  relentlessness  a  crusade  against  large 

business  interests. 

Whether  or  not  there  was  good  reason  for  this  feeling,  it  involved  the  last  year  of 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  incumbency  in  heated  argument  and  more  show  of  temper  and  feeling  than 

had  been  aroused  at  any  previous  stage  in 
his  career.  At  one  time  it  had  been  thought 
that  Mr.  Roosevelt,  in  declining  a  third  term 


ROOSEVELT  TO   VISIT  AFRICA 

(And  the  Jungle  Folk  won't  ratify.) 

From  the  Press  (Philadelphia) 


SIMPLIFIED   SPELLING 

(Apropos  of  the  New  York  Senatorial  situation 
and  the  report  that  Mr.  Root  may  succeed  Senator 
Platt  in  1909,  and  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  may  succeed 
Senator  Depew  in  1911.) 

From  the  Herald   (Rochester) 


A  LITTLE  LEGAL  ARGUMENT  WITH  GROSSCUP 

(Referring  to  the  Standard  Oil  case) 

From  Judge 


Last  Phases  of  the  Administration 


181 


as  President,  might  accept  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate.  The  term  of  Senator 
Platt  was  to  expire  on  March  4,  at  the  same 
time  as  that  of  the  President.  But  Mr. 
Roosevelt,  although  at  one  time  this  idea 
appealed  to  him,  had  definitely  rejected  it, 
and  Secretary  Root  was  the  unopposed 
choice  of  his  party  in  New  York  for  the 
Senatorial  toga. 

The  last  annual  message  sent  to  Congress 
by  Mr.  Roosevelt  in  December,  1908,  was  a 
document  of  great  length,  devoted  in  the 
main  to  a  recapitulation  of  the  views  and 
policies  which  had  so  strongly  characterized 
his  administration.  His  State  papers  had 
been  much  more  extensive,  and  his  formal 
utterances  to  Congress  and  the  public  more 
frequent,  than  those  of  any  of  his  predeces 
sors  in  the  Executive  office.  The  message 
did  not  serve  to  abate  controversy  or  to 
soothe  the  worn  and  inflamed  nerves  of 
railway  presidents  or  Wall  Street  bank 
ers.  Business  was  in  the  dumps,  and  some  one  must  be  blamed. 

Congress  in  the  previous  session  had  undertaken  to  limit  the  President  in  the  use  of 
secret  service  funds  placed  at  his  disposal  for  the  detection  of  crime ;  and  the  scathing 
comment  made  by  the  President  in  his  message  was  ill-received  in  both  legislative  cham 
bers.  Attempts  were  made  to  expunge  sections  of  the  message  before  receiving  it  and  en 
tering  it  upon  the  record  of  Congress.  How 
ever  absurd  such  proposals  might  haVe  been, 
they  pointed  to  a  certain  bitterness  and 
strain  that  was  to  affect  the  relations  of  the 


THE    STATIONARY    CRUSADER 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT:    "FOLLOW   ME!"    (or   35,000 
words    to    that   effect).      See   the    President's    message    to 

Congress. 

From  Punch  (London) 


THE    UNITED    STATES    OF    CENTRAL    AMERICA, — A 
GERMAN  VIEW 

PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  :    "  Yes,    yes,    in    union    there    is 

strength." 

From  Kladderadatsch   (Berlin) 


HANDS  ACROSS  THE  SEA  !     AS  CONGRESS  SEES  IT  ! 
From  the  Constitution  (Atlanta) 


182 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


"WILL    YOU    PLEASE    HUSH?" 
From  the  Herald  (New  York) 

Chief  Magistrate  and  the  law-making  body  through  the  remaining  three  months  of  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  term.  The  attempt  of  Congress  to  punish  Roosevelt  for  his  message  was  not 
successful  and  produced  in  the  public  mind  a  reaction  in  his  favor. 


ROUGH  ON  CATS 
(The   House   and   the    Senate,    before   and   after   the 

Presidential  message  current  is  turned  on.) 
From   Puck.      Copyright     1908.     By   permission 


THE    WATER'S    PULL    OF    'EM 
From  the  Globe  (New  York) 


Last  Phases  of  the  Administration 


183 


"ONE   WORD  MORE."— AN    ENGLISH   VIEW 
PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  (to  Central  African  fauna)  : 

"  Half  a  moment,  while   I  just  throw   this  off,   and 

then  I'm  with  you." 

Prom  Punch  (London) 

One  of  the  controversies  of  that  session 
had  to  do  with  the  President's  old  subject, 
the  civil  service.  In  passing  a  law  provid 
ing  for  the  taking  of  the  Census  of  1910, 
Congress  had  disregarded  the  President's 
advice  that  the  thousands  of  extra  census 


5HIFF/A/Q  Of  BURDEK 
FROM  POOR  TO  f 
FROM  EMP/.OVF 


ROOSEVELT'S     FAREWELL     MESSAGE     POINTS 

THE   WAY 

(President  Roosevelt,  in  his  last  annual  message 
to  Congress,  makes  many  recommendations  pointing 
toward  the  betterment  of  social  and  industrial  condi 
tions  in  the  United  States.) 

From  the  Evening  Herald  (Duluth) 

employees  should  be  appointed  under  civil 
service  rules.  In  this  controversy  Mr. 
Roosevelt  finally  triumphed. 


WHO  WILL  BELL  THE  CAT? 
From  the  North  American  (Philadelphia) 


"  AFTER  YOU  !  " 

SENATE  AND  HOUSE  (tremulously)  :  "  You  go  first, 
my  dear  sir." 

(Congress  took  offense  at  some  passages  in  the 
President's  annual  message,  and  resolved  to  "  re 
buke  "  him.) 

From  the  Baffle   (Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ) 


184 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


(This  idea   of   the   result   of   the   controversy   between    the   President   and   Congress   seems   to   prevail   in   the 

minds  of  a  great  many  people. ) 
From  the  Ohio  State  Journal   (Columbus) 

He  had  also  succeeded  in  extending  the  principle  of  the  merit  system  to  the  retention 
of  postmasters  appointed  to  the  smaller  or  fourth-class  offices.  During  all  his  seven  and 
a  half  years  in  the  Presidency  he  had  been 
able,  in  one  way  after  another,  to  extend  the 


SPANKED ! 
(The   spanking  has   evidently   hurt   "  Pa   Congress 

more  than  it  has  the  husky  lad.) 
From  the  North  American  (Philadelphia) 


CONGRESS  ASSUMES  A  FIRM  ATTITUDE 
From  the  Daily  News   (Chicago) 


Last  Phases  of  the  Administration 


185 


NOT    SO    EASY! 

(Trying  to  hit   the   head, — a  new   Congressional   game.) 
From  the  Inquirer   (Philadelphia) 

sphere  and  improve  the  working  of  the  civil-service  rules,  and  thus  to  reduce  the  evils  of 
the  spoils  system  to  comparatively  few  and  small  areas. 

Several  months  before  his  retirement  from  office  it  had  been  announced  that  his  lit 
erary  activities  would  be  resumed,  and  that  his  African  experiences  would  be  productive  of 
a  series  of  articles  to  be  published  in  Scrib- 
ner's  Magazine.  It  was  further  made  known 
that  he  would  have  a  regular  connection,  as 
a  frequent  writer  and  contributing  editor. 


PROTECTING  THE  CIVIL   SERVICE 
From  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Paul) 


LNCLE  SAM   (on  the  side  bench)  :  "  If  there's  any 
thing  I  like,  it's  an  old-fashioned  game  of  '  shinny  ' !  " 
From  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Paul) 


186 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


TROUBLES    BEGIN 
(There    will    be    the    dickens    to    pay    in    the    Fourth   Estate  before  long.) — From  the  Sun    (Baltimore) 


with  the  Outlook,  of  New  York,  a  widely  read  weekly  periodical  edited  by  Dr.  Lyman  Ab 
bott.  These  announcements  are  reflected  in  two  or  three  of  the  cartoons  reproduced  in  the 
present  chapter  of  our  narration. 

What  may  be  regarded  as  the  final  controversy  of  his  administration  had  to  do  with 
certain  newspaper  attacks  upon  the  honesty  of  men  connected  with  the  purchase  of  the 
French   Panama  company's  assets  and  the 
beginnings  of  our  work  on  the  canal. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  had  made  great  progress 
with  the  work  at  Panama.  He  had  aban 
doned  the  original  plan  of  constructing  the 
canal  under  the  direction  of  a  board  of  engi 
neers  chosen  from  civil  life  and  railroad 


WHEN  TEDDY  BECOMES  AN  EDITOR 
Prom  the  Times-Star   (Cincinnati) 


"  ISN'T  IT  A  DAISY?" 

(Apropos  of  the  review  of  the  American  battleship 
fleet  by   President  Roosevelt  on  its  return  from  the 
round-the-world   trip,    February   22,    1909.) 
Prom  the  Record  (Philadelphia) 


Last  Phases  of  the  Administration 


187 


WHY    GO    TO    AFRICA    FOR    BIG    GAME? 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 

work,  and  had  turned  it  over  to  engineer  officers  of  the  regular  army,  with  the  most  for 
tunate  results.  He  looked  upon  the  Panama  enterprise  as  in  some  respects  the  crowning 
work  of  his  administration ;  and  he  could  not  allow  libels  upon  the  honesty  and  good  faith 
of  the  government  and  its  agents,  as  respects  the  Panama  Canal,  to  pass  unnoticed. 

The  charges  had  involved,  by  express  mention,  well-known  men  closely  related  to  the 
President  and  to  the  President-elect;  and  the  charges  had  thus  reflected  upon  the  honor 
both  of  Mr.  Roosevelt  and  of  Mr.  Taft,  who,  as  Secretary  of  War,  was  in  immediate  charge 
of  Panama  affairs.  Libel  suits  were  entered  by  direction  of  President  Roosevelt,  and  while 


STEADY,  TEDDY  ! 

(This  also  refers  to  attacks  mentioned  above.) 
From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS— Prom  the  £a^e(Brooklyn,N.Y.j 
(President  Roosevelt's  compliments  to  certain  news 
papers  which  printed  the  Panama  Canal  charges.) 


188 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ROOSEVELT  WARNS  THE  CANOEIST    (CALIFORNIA)  THAT  RAPIDS  AND  ROCKS  ARE  AHEAD 

From  the  Leader   (Cleveland) 

their  prosecution  was  eventually  abandoned,  they  were  successful  in  their  essential  pur 
pose.  The  prompt  action  taken  by  Mr.  Roosevelt  had  secured  complete  retractions ;  and 
no  stain  had  been  left  upon  a  page  of  our  history  that  must  always  be  memorable,  and 
should,  therefore,  be  without  spot  or  tarnish. 


Copyrighted  by  Underwood  &  Underwood,  N.  Y. 
PRESIDENT    ROOSEVELT    AND    THE    PRESIDENT-ELECT    ENTERING   THEIR   CARRIAGE   AT 
THE   WHITE   HOUSE   IN   A   SNOWSTORM   ON   MARCH  4,  TO  GO  TO  THE  CAPITOL 


CHAPTER  XXV 

Stepping  Out  of  the  White  House 


From  Puck.    Copyrighted  1908.     Hy  I'ermis 


I'VE  HAD  A  PERFECTLY  CORKING  TIME! 

IF  any  man  had  ever  seen  Mr.  Roosevelt  in  a  mood  of  dejection  or  disheartenment,  the 
fact  had  never  been  revealed.     He  was   always   the   man   of   confidence   and   strong 
heart.     It  was   not   that  he   took  his  responsibilities  recklessly,  but  he  never  allowed 
them  to  burden  or  weigh  him  down.    There  was  never  a  day,  however  difficult,  when  he 
was  not  prepared  to  say  of  the  Presidency,  "  I  like  my  job,"  or  to  declare  to  friends  and 
foes  alike,  "  I  am  having  a  perfectly  corking  time." 


190 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


IN   THE   WHITE   HOUSE   ATTIC,   AS   MOVING    TIME    APPROACHES 

MB.   ROOSEVELT:   "I   wonder  how  much  of  this  stuff   Bill  wants  me  to  leave  behind?" 

From  the  Saturday  Globe   (Utica) 

Doubtless  this  was  due  in  large  part  to  his  great  physical  vitality,  to  the  evenness  and 
regularity  of  his  habits  of  life  and  work,  and  to  the  firmness  of  a  nervous  system  that 
was  not,  like  those  of  most  other  men,  subject  to  reaction  after  excitement.  Jn  the  lan 
guage  of  a  White  House  usher,  who  had  served  through  several  administrations,  "  there 


LETTERS    FROM    THE    PEOPLE 
From  the  Daily  Tribune  (Chicago) 


Stepping  Out  of  the  White  House 


191 


was  never  any  man  like  him  for  hard  work ; 
yet  no  matter  how  late  he  was  at  it  every 
night,  he  came  downstairs  each  morning  as 
fresh  as  the  dew  upon  the  roses."  If  Mr. 
Roosevelt  ever  had  any  days  or  hours  of 
illness,  the  secret  never  leaked  out. 

All  his  work  was  planned  well  in  advance 
and  finished  easily  on  time.  If  he  had  a 
speech-making  tour  ahead  of  him,  his  dates 
were  well  arranged,  and  the  speech  to  be 
made  at  each  place  had  been  carefully 
drafted  and  put  on  paper.  Some  Presidents 
had  never  found  time  while  in  office  to  read 
a  book.  Mr.  Roosevelt  always  kept  up  with 
current  literature,  and  was  always  digging 
into  more  or  less  recondite  fields  of  history 
and  science.  He  read  whole  libraries  while 
in  the  White  House,  although  no  one  knows 
how  he  found  the  time.  He  was  conversant 
with  early  Celtic  literature  and  with  the 
sagas  of  the  Teutonic  North.  He  was  more 
thoroughly  familiar  than  any  other  American  with  all  books  relating  in  a  general  way  to 
sportsmanship,  travel,  and  natural  history.  His  constant  devotion  to  the  interests  and 
concerns  of  his  family  had  kept  him  acquainted  also  with  the  books  that  interest  young 
people  and  children. 

At  the  moment  of  his  leaving  the  White  House  and  starting  on  his  adventurous  jour 
ney  to  Africa  he  was,  without  doubt,  more  completely  and  freshly  informed  about  Afri- 


THE  NEWSPAPER  MEN  AND  CARTOONISTS  LA 
MENTING  MR.  ROOSEVELT'S  LEAVING  THE 
WHITE  HOUSE. 

From   the   yewtt-Trfbune    (Duluth) 


PASSING    ON    THE    TORCH 

("  Let  dt  least  the  satisfaction  be  ours  that  we  have  carried  onward  the  lighted  torch  in  our  own  day 
and  generation.  If  we  do  this,  then,  as  our  eyes  close,  and  we  go  into  the  darkness,  and  other  hands  grasp 
the  torch,  at  least  we  can  say  that  our  part  has  been  borne  well  and  valiantly." — From  Roosevelt's  Lecture 
at  Oxford.)  From  tne  Herald  (Syracuse) 


192 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT,  AT  THE  LINCOLN  FARM   IN  KENTUCKY,  FEBRUARY  12,  1909 


can  hunting, — in  so  far  as  knowledge  could 
come  from  the  reading  of  books  and  conver 
sation  with  sportsmen  and  travelers, — than 
any  other  man  in  the  world.  He  left  the 
White  House  with  no  regrets,  and  with  a 
sense  of  having  served  the  country  to  the 
best  of  his  ability.  And  somehow  the  world 
did  not  think  of  him  as  a  man  passing  into 
retirement,  or  as  one  who  had  run  his  race 
and  finished  his  course.  Everybody  was 
asking  what  Roosevelt  would  do  next. 

On  February  12,  less  than  a  month  before 
Mr.  Roosevelt  retired  from  the  Presidency, 
he  went  to  Hodgenville,  Kentucky,  to  speak 


ROOSEVELT  AT  A  LINCOLN  DINNER  IN  NEW  YORK 
Prom  the  Evening  Mail   (New  York) 


Stepping  Out  of  the  White  House 


193 


WELL    BEGUN    AND    WELL    DONE 
From  the  Evening  Mail   (New  York) 

at  the  farm  where  Abraham  Lincoln  was  born,  a  hundred  years  before.  His  tribute  to 
Lincoln  on  that  occasion  was,  in  rhetorical  form,  the  most  perfect  speech  he  had  ever  pre 
pared.  Its  portrayal  of  Lincoln's  devotion  to  duty  and  high  qualities  as  a  great  President 
was  in  some  sense  a  revelation  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  own  ideals.  It  seemed  to  reflect  some 
thing  of  the  spirit  in  which,  from  his  entrance  into  the  political  life  of  New  York  in  1882, 
through  all  his  successive  experiences,  to  the  end  of  his  term  in  the  White  House,  he  had 
given  his  own  best  courage  and  best  effort  for  what  he  believed  to  be  right  causes. 


194 


A  Cartoon   History  of  Roosevelt's   Career 


THE  FKIGHTENED  ANIMALS  :  "  Hist  t 
See  who's  coining !  " 
(By    Homer    Davenport    in    Evening 
Mail.  New   York) 


CHAPTER  XXVI 

The   Faunal  Naturalist  in   Africa 


EVEN  in  Africa  Mr. 
Roosevelt  was  in  a 
certain  sense  an 
official  of  the  United 
States  Government.  He 
was  the  head  of  a  scien 
tific  expedition,  author 
ized  by  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  to  obtain 
faunal  specimens  for  the 
National  Museum.  His 
expenses  were  otherwise 
provided  for,  but  his  mis 
sion  was  public  and  offi 
cial.  His  preliminary  re 
port,  made  to  Dr.  Walcott 
as  head  of  the  Smithson 
ian,  was  forwarded  from 
Khartum  when  the  expe 
dition  disbanded. 


MEETING   OF   SOVEREIGNS   IN   THE    CENTER    OF  AFRICA 
His  MAJESTY,  THE  KING  OF  THE  DESERT:  "In  the  name  of  that  Nobel  whose 
prize  covers  you  with  glory,   O   Teddy,   I    implore  you  to   spare  other  thousands 
of  my  subjects."  From  Pasquino   (Turin) 


THEODORUS    AFRICANUS 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


TEDDY    AT    HOME    IN    AFRICA 

(This  is  a  specimen  of  a  great  number  of  drawings  by 
American  cartoonists  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1909, 
humorously  associating  Mr.  Roosevelt  with  the  fauna  of 
Africa.) 

From    the   Press    (Pittsburg) 


196 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


BWANA  TUMBO 

C'Bwana  Tumbo,"  the  name  given  to  Mr.  Roose 
velt  by  the  African  natives,  means  "  Big  Chief."  and 
the  cartoonist  here  gives  us  his  idea  of  Mr.  Roose 
velt  arrayed  in  that  character.) 

From  the  World  (New  York) 


ROOSEVELT  :  "  Oh,  this  is  bally  !      Just   think   of 
poor  Taft  back  home  wrestling  with  Congress." 
Prom  the  Neivs-Tribune   (Duluth) 

Mr.   Roosevelt  has  fortunately  given  us, 

first  in  magazine  articles  in   Scribner's  and 

then    in    permanent     form     as    a    notable 

volume,    under    the    title    "  African    Game 

Trails,"  an  account  of  his  experiences  and 

achievements  from  the  time  of  his  leaving 

New  York,  March  23,   1909,  to  his  arrival  at   Cairo   in   March,    1910.      No   quest  of  wild 

creatures  was  ever  more  carefully  planned  or  better  justified  by  its  purposes,  its  methods, 

and  its  results.     Its  success  was  beyond  Mr.  Roosevelt's  ardent  expectations. 

The  first  of  two  results  that  will  best  serve 
to  give  this  expedition  a  place  of  its  own, 
memorable  and  influential,  must  be  the  vast 
collection  of  African  animals  and  birds  that 
will  be  the  chief  treasure  of  the  National 
Museum  at  Washington  and  that  will  be 
familiar  to  young  Americans  for  generations 
to  come.  The  second  result  must  be  the  book 
itself, — written  by  Mr.  Roosevelt  while  on 
the  ground, — constituting  one  of  the  best 
volumes  in  the  long  series  of  his  writings, 
and  also  one  of  the  most  valuable  contribu 
tions  to  the  literature  of  animal  life  and  nat 
ural  conditions  in  Africa. 

Most  of  Mr.  Roosevelt's  experiences  were 
in  British  East  Africa  and  Uganda,  where 
he  came  in  contact  also  with  British  officials, 
missionaries,  and  ranchmen,  whose  fondness 
for  the  African  wilderness  recalled  to  him 
his  own  experiences  as  a  ranchman  on  the 

MR.    ROOSEVELT'S    REAL    HEROISM  «        j  rr^i  JA/T  "LJ 

borders  of  Dakota  and  Montana.     He  was 

From   the   Inter-Ocean    (Chicago) 


The  Faunal  Naturalist  in  Africa 


197 


WHAT  A  CHANCt  -  IF 

IWRt.  ONLY  TIME. 


THE    AGE    OF    ACHIEVEMENT  MISSING    THE    FUN 

From  the  World   (New  York)  From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 

(The  announcement  of  Dr.  Cook's  discovery  of  the  Pole  was  brought  to  Roosevelt  in  Africa,  and  he  received 
the  news  with  mental  reservation  and  in  silence.  A  few  days  later  the  Peary  announcement  came,  and  he  In 
stantly  cabled  his  '  enthusiastic  congratulations.  Commander  Peary  made  his  polar  expedition  in  a  Mhip  named 
the  Roosevelt.) 

intensely  interested  in 
race  questions,  and  in  all 
phases  of  life  and  nature 
in  the  portions  of  Africa 
where  he  sojourned, 
hunted,  and  camped. 

All  of  his  experiences 
are  set  down  in  vivid 
form  upon  the  fascinating 
pages  of  his  book,  just  as 
other  volumes  of  his  tell 
us  with  swift  and  firm 
narration  —  but  with  the 
discursiveness  of  a  nat 
uralist  who  sees  the  whole 
environment  —  all  about 
the  hunting  of  game 
in  our  own  Western 
wilds.  The  habit,  to 
which  we  have  already 
made  reference,  of  giving 

immediate,       vivid,       and  RBMINISCENT.-Pro»  the  Herald   (Washington) 


198 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


charming  literary  form 
to  all  of  his  active  ex 
periences  out  of  doors, 
is  one  of  the  very  best 
things  attributable  to 
his  early  life  in  his 
frontier  ranch-house, 
where  he  had  good 
books  and  not  too 
many  of  them,  and  the 
power  to  see  a  narra 
tive  worth  telling  in 
each  well-considered 
expedition  after  bear, 
mountain  lion,  or  other 
creatures  of  highland 
and  plain. 

Accompanying  Mr. 
Roosevelt, as  his  fellow- 
members  of  the  scien 
tific  Smithsonian  Afri 
can  Expedition  en 
trusted  to  his  charge, 
were  Messrs.  Mearns,  Heller,  and  Loring,  American  naturalists;  and  Messrs.  Cunninghame 
and  Tarlton,  who  were  British  experts  on  African  hunting  and  travel.  More  than  11,000 

specimens  were  secured  for  the  National 
Museum,  including  nearly  5000  mammals, 
— most  of  them  large,  about  4000  birds,  and 
a  large  number  of  reptiles  and  smaller 
creatures. 


HUNTING    A    CANDIDATE 

(Previous  to  the  New  York   municipal   campaign  in   1909  there    was    some    talk 
of  tendering  the  nomination   for   Mayor  to   Colonel   Roosevelt.) 

From   CoJer's  Bulletin    (Brooklyn.   N.   Y. ) 


IN    DANGER    OP    BEING    KIDNAPPED 
(Apropos  of  a  statement  by  C.  D.  O'Brien,  a  prominent 
St.  Paul  Democrat,  that  the  Democratic  party  will  nomi 
nate  and  elect  Roosevelt  President  in   1912.) 
From   the   yews-Tribune    (Duluth) 


"  BWANA    TUMBO  "    FOR    MAYOR 

From  the  Press    (New  York) 


The   Faunal   Naturalist   in   Africa 


199 


ii    \\  yytf ; .<«v of^. - x i  -r '- 


* •  I  < V     /i  </'- •  -V'  *-i'// y^v^r' "b? ««. •< 

TPUry1  (rf  ^••.•\..v  K-A^  //./!vv-.^^"-  - 
uMi  tf  i  ^  MWfliS^Wtfe^ 


w          WML 


UNANIMOUS 

(Colonel  Roosevelt  laying  a  cornerstone  at  Kijabe,  Africa.) 
From  the  Inter-Ocean   (Chicago) 


r 


IN     AFRICA     AND — IN     THE     UNITED     STATES 
From  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


The  expedition  would  have  been  followed  through  Africa  by  an  army  of  press  rep 
resentatives  but  for  Mr.  Roosevelt's  stern  insistence.  So  great,  however,  was  the  demand 
for  news  that  there  was  some  yielding  to  the  tendency  to  manufacture  it  on  the  coast, 

or  else  to  send  to  the  European  and  Ameri 
can  papers  exaggerated  tales  based  upon 
half-accurate  rumors.  There  was  no  indis- 


VALENTINE'S    DAY    IN    AFRICA 
From  the  Neics   (Detroit) 


THE     FAUNAL    NATURALIST    AT    WORK 

From    the    Traveler    (Boston) 


200 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Copyright  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons 

MR.    ROOSEVELT   AND   ONE   OF   HIS   BIG   LIONS 

(Prom  a  photograph  by  Kermit  Roosevelt  in  Theodore  Roosevelt's    "  African  Game  Trails,"  published  by 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

criminate  slaughter  of  animals,  and  no  departure  from  the  excellent  plans  originally  made. 
Such  plans,  obviously  enough,  took  into  account  all  questions  of  climate,  risk  of  illness, 
and  sanitary  precautions.  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  accompanied  by  his  son,  Mr.  Kermit  Roose 
velt,  whose  skill  and  prowess  as  a  hunter  form  a  part  of  the  true  story  of  the  expedition. 
Mr.  Roosevelt's  habit  of  applying  all  proper  means  to  the  ends  that  he  wished  to  se 
cure  was  perfectly  illustrated  in  the  African  expedition  throughout.  Every  detail  of  the 
itinerary  had  been  planned  and  every  item  of  equipment  had  been  considered  to  a  nicety. 
Even  the  books  that  he  meant  to  read  were  carefully  selected  in  advance,  and  all  bound  in 
pigskin,  forming  a  compact  little  library  for  entertainment,  diversion,  and  intellectual 


The   Faunal   Naturalist   in  Africa. 


201 


stimulus  in  hours  of  leisure  ,  during  the 
African  twelvemonth. 

Thus  the  results  to  which  we  have  al 
luded, — namely,  the  great  Smithsonian  col 
lection  of  African  fauna  and  the  admirable 
volume  on  "  African  Game  Trails,"  together 
with  the  building  up  of  physical  vigor  and 
the  ripening  of  knowledge  concerning  colo 
nial,  imperial,  and  racial  problems,  as  well 
as  knowledge  of  natural  history, — all  these 
results,  and  many  others,  were  not  in  the 
least  matters  of  "  Roosevelt  luck  "  so-called, 
but  were  all  of  them  matters  of  Roosevelt 
industry,  perseverance,  and  faithful  applica 
tion  of  the  right  means  to  the  desired  ends. 

The  human  family  has  grown  very  rap 
idly  during  the  past  century,  in  spite  of  that 
tendency  to  apply  Malthusian  checks  which, 
— in  highly  civilized  countries  like  France 
and  the  United  States, — has  led  Mr.  Roose 
velt  to  utter  warnings  against  what  he  has 
called  "  race  suicide."  And  with  the  mul 
tiplication  of  the  members  of  the  human 
species  there  has  naturally  been  growth  in 


Copyright  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons 

MR.  ROOSEVELT,  RHINO  AND  BUSTARD 

From  a  photograph  by  Kermit  Roosevelt 
In  Theodore  Roosevelt's  "African  Game  Trails"  published  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons 


THE  END  OF  A  REMARKABLE 

EXPEDITION 
From  Hojas  Sclcctas   (Barcelona) 

the  numbers  of  domesti 
cated  animals.  But  the 
wild  creatures  which  had 
shared  with  man  the  vicis 
situdes  of  mundane  exis 
tence  have  perforce  be 
come  fewer  in  numbers 
and  subject  to  conditions 
ever  more  precarious. 

A  knowledge  of  these 
fellow  creatures, — t  heir 
ways  and  struggles, — con 
stitutes  a  very  noble  and 
interesting  department  of 
science.  Mr.  Roosevelt 
has  taught  the  boys  of 
America,  and  now  also 
those  of  Europe  as  well, 
not  merely  to  slaughter 
birds  and  beasts,  but  to 
know  about  them  and  to 


202 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Copyright,  1910,  by  Underwood  &  Underwood,  N.  Y. 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  AS  HE  APPEARED  IX  EGYPT 

have  the  true  attitude  of  mind  towards  them.  His  relation  towards  these  fellow  crea 
tures  has  always  been  humane,  never  cruel. 

There  is  always  struggle  among  the  animals  themselves,  whether  in  the  American 
wilderness  or  in  the  African  jungle.  And  if  mankind  had  not  struggled  against  power 
ful  beasts  of  prey,  the  human  race  must  long  ago  have  perished  from  the  earth. 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  teachings  and  example  in  all  these  things, — from  the  time  of  his  col 
lege  essays  and  studies  as  a  naturalist,  and  his  early  Western  hunting  trips,  down  to  his 
last  great  quest  of  animals  in  Africa, — have  been  of  immeasurable  value  in  leading  young 
Americans  to  the  love  of  enjoyment  of  out-of-door  things,  and  away  from  pleasures  and 
occupations  that  would  enervate  mind  and  body. 


CHAPTER  XXVII 

Strenuously  Visiting 
Old  Europe 


TALK    ABOUT    BEING    PRESIDENT :  " 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


THE  expedition  of  our  hunter  and  nat 
uralist  came  to  an  end  with  its  ar 
rival  and  disbanding  at  Khartum,  on 
March   14,  1910.     Here  his  wife  and  daugh 
ter  were   awaiting   Mr.    Roosevelt,   as   were 
the     representatives    of    many    newspapers, 


THE  BTG  STICK  IN  USE  AGAIN 
From  the  Press    (Grand  Rapids) 


AS  EGYPT  SEES  HIM 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland  i 


204 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


N 


THE   AFRICAN    COMET 
(Due  to  hit  New  York  June  18. j 
Prom  the  American   (New  York) 


BACK   IN   THE   OLD   PLACE 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


both  European  and  American.  The  remaining  days  of  March  were  spent  in  Egypt ;  and 
April,  May,  and  the  early  part  of  June  were  taken  up  with  a  memorable  tour  of  Europe. 
It  is  the  object  of  this  chapter  chiefly  to  bring  together  some  of  the  amusing  carica- 
ttires  and  cartoons  that  were  produced  in  consequence  of  a  journey  that  caused  more 
comment  than  any  other  of  recent  times. 
Our  former  chapters  show  how  large  a  fig 
ure  Mr.  Roosevelt  as  President  had  become 


A   SITTER;  OR.   BIG  GAME  TO   THE   LAST 

Mn.  ROOSEVELT  :  "  Steady,  Kermit !  We  must  have  one 
of  these." 

From  Punch  (London) 


THE  SLEEPING  CONSERVATIVE,  DREAMING  OF 
ROOSEVELT,  SEES  A  "BACK  FROM  ELBA" 
NIGHTMARE  ! 

From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


205 


in  the  estimation  of 
the  world.  It  was  not 
strange,  therefore,  that 
Europe  should  have 
manifested  a  keen  in 
terest  in  his  visit,  and 

that  there  should  have  been  a  general  desire  to  extend 
a  hearty  welcome  to  the  best-known    and   most    typical 


ROOSEVELT    AS    "  CHANTECLER 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


MR.   PINCHOT'S  CONFERENCE   WITH   COLONEL 
ROOSEVELT   IN   EUROPE 
From  the  News  (Cleveland) 


MAYBE  MR.  TAFT'S  EARS  DIDN'T  TINGLE  ! 
From  the  Sun  (Baltimore) 


206 


A  Cartoon  History  of'Roosei  ^•>e«*r 


Copyright  by  the  American  Press  Association,  N.  Y. 

KING  HAAKOX  AND  COLONEL  ROOSEVELT  IN    ROYAL    CARRIAGE    LEAVING    THE    STATION 

AT  CHRISTIANIA 


Copyright,  1910,  by  Paul  Thompson,  N.  Y. 

MR.  AND  MRS.  ROOSEVELT  AND  THEIR  DAUGHTER  AT  NAPLES 


usiy  \isiting  Old  Europe 


207 


ROOSEVELT'S    WORD    TO    EUROPE. — From  Pasquino   (Turin) 

ROOSEVELT:  "In  the  name  of  America  I  call  upon  you  to  disarm!" 
EUROPEAN    SOVEREIGNS    (in   chorus)  :    "Why   don't   you  begin  yourself?" 


of   Americans    as    the    opportunity    offered. 
In  an  address  at  the  University  of  Egypt 
he  told  the  Nationalists  what  preparation  for 
self-government  meant ; 
and  was  naturallv  criti- 


A    STRENUOUS    VISITATION    OF    OLD    EUROPE 

From    the   Herald    (Boston) 


208 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's 


CONQUERING    CONTINENTS 
From   the  Times    (New  York) 

cised  by  hot-headed  patriots  for  giving  some  excellent  counsel.  For  the  Egyptians  to 
seek  independence  at  the  present  time  would  mean  chaos  and  ruin;  and  Mr.  Roosevelt's 
words  of  praise  for  England's  usefulness  in  Egypt  were  wisely  spoken,  and  at  the  time 
and  place  where  they  could  serve  the  best  use. 


tu» 


^ 


LIKE    TO    SEE    ANYBODY    BEAT    THAT     FOR    TEN 

MINUTES'   WORK 
(Apropos   of   some   expressions   by   Colonel    Watterson   on 

the  subject  of  Roosevelt.) 
From  the  Pioneer  Press   (St.  Paul) 


ALL  THINGS  TO  ALL  MEN 
From  the  American   (New  York) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


209 


THE  BARNUM  OF  HIMSELF.— Fischietto 
(Ex-President  Roosevelt,  on  his  return  from  Africa,  has 
traveled  through  Europe  to  show  off  his  menagerie  of 
stuffed  animals.  Why  not  capture  him  at  Hamburg? 
The  professional  trainers  could  make  the  bunglers  pay 
dear  by  taking  him  on  a  tour  through  the  United  States 
to  make  the  Yankees  open  their  eyes  in  amazement.) 


WILL  THIS  BE  THE  CROWNING   TRIUMPH? 

(The  cartoonist  of  Fischietto,  an  illustrated  weekly 
published  in  Turin,  is  of  opinion  that  an  appropriate  and 
up-to-date  way  for  Colonel  Roosevelt  to  return  to  the 
United  States  would  be  by  means  of  an  aeroplane.) 


Mr.  Roosevelt  was  received  with  honor 
and  cordiality  by  rulers  and  by  people 
throughout  Italy.  His  visits  in  Naples  and 
Rome  were  notable,  and  he  found  ovations  awaiting  him  at  Milan,  Genoa,  and  Venice.  He 
was  received  with  the  highest  honors  at  Vienna ;  and  at  Budapest  and  elsewhere  in  Hun 
gary  there  was  boundless  enthusiasm  among  a  people  who  remembered  well  the  story  of 


"  HERE'S   THE   LION-HUNTER  " 

-And  the  stone  lions  are  fleeing  for  their  lives  ! 

Prom  Kakas  M&rton   (Budapest) 


HE    WAS    NOT    BORN     A     RULER,     BUT, 
STILL,    HE    IS    A    BORN    RULER  " 
Prom  Bolond  Islok   (Budapest) 


BETTER 


210 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


WELCOME,  MR.  ROOSEVELT 


What  is  Roosevelt's  daughter,  say? 

Lady,   lady,  lady  ! 
What  is  Kormit,  smooth  and  gay  ? 

Pretty,  pretty,  pretty  ! 
Who's  our  darling  of  to-day? 

Teddy,  Teddy,  Teddy.' 
What  are  we  for  Roosevelt  play? 

Ready,   ready,   ready  ! 

From  Klods-TIatis  (Copenhagen) 


(The  Flali,  Vienna's  best  known  cartoon  weekly,  in  its 
"  Roosevelt  edition  "  pictures  Uncle  Sam  announcing  that 
our  "  most  glorious  Presidents "  have  been  Washington, 
Monroe,  Lincoln,  McKinley,  and  Roosevelt.) 


PEACE    AT    ANY    COST 
(Apropos    of    Colonel    Roosevelt's    address    on    peace    at 

Copenhagen) 
From  the  American  (New  York) 


MR.    ROOSEVELT'S    ADMIRATION    FOR    VIENNA 
(According  to  Floh,  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  so  charmed  with 
Vienna   that   he    has   decided   to   forego    future   American 
honors  and  accept  the  position  of  Mayor  of  the  Austrian 
capital,  i 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


211 


HOLLAND'S    CORDIAL    RECEPTION 

ROOSEVELT  :   "  All  this  seems  very  familiar  to  me." 

THE  DUTCH  NATION  :   "  It  is  the  home  of  your  ancestors.     You  are  thrice  welcome. 

P^rom  Der  Amstcrdammcr  (Amsterdam) 


212 


A  Gartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE  FRENCHMAN  GETS  A  STRENUOUS  SHAKE 
ROOSEVELT   (shaking  hands  vigorously  with  M.  Briand, 

to   the   latter's    discomfort)  :    "  In    democracies,    my    dear 

Briand,  it  is  necessary  to  be  energetic." 
From  Le  Rire  (Paris) 


SO  UNUSUAL ! 

"  How  is  this,   my  dear  Teddy,  you  are  going  without 
borrowing  three  or  four  hundred  millions?     Is  it  possible 
that  yon  were  not  satisfied  with  your  reception?" 
From  Le  Rire   (Paris) 


iiiiniiiHiiiiimiiwiimiiiiinmii 


THE   SCHOOLMASTER  ABROAD 

KXAMINER  ROOSEVELT  :  "  Kindergarten  class  In  science 
of  government  is  now  dismissed." 

From  the  World  (Toronto) 


"  EMPHASIZING   THE   OBVIOUS  "   IN   PARIS 
MR.  ROOSEVELT  (addressing  the  Sorbonne)  :  "  Educated 
folk  know  more  than   ignoramuses  ;   peace  is   less   bloody 
than  war  ;  rich  men  are  not  poor ;  race  suicide  is  one  of 
the  causes  of  decline  in  population,"  etc. 
From  Le  Rire  (Paris) 


WAR  AND  PEACE  IN  HIS  HANDS,— A  POLISH  VIEW 
From  Muoha   (Warsaw) 


THE  COMING  GUEST 

THE  KAISER  :  "  You  boys  will  have  to  eat  in  the  kitchen 
to-day ;  I  expect  company." 

From   the  Herald   (Syracuse) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Qld  Europe 


213 


GETTING  NERVOUS  AS  TEDDY  APPROACHES 

THE  KAISER   (to  his  Chief  of  Police)  :  "You're  sure  the  fire  alarms  are  all  O.K.?" 

From   the  Journal    (Detroit) 

Kossuth's  reception  in  the  United  States.     The  sympathy  of  Hungary  was  to  be  expected. 

The  many  European  cartoons  that  are  reproduced  in  this  chapter  indicate  at  once  the 

amusement,  liking,  and  aroused  curiosity  of  the  intelligent  public  all  the  way  from  Italy  to 


YOUREAMANOFMlfTYPE! 


ALL   READY  TO   RECEIVE   ROOSEVELT 
From  the  American  (New  York) 


THE  COMPLIMENT  SUPREME 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn) 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


ROOSEVELT    IX    BERLIN 


ROOSEVELT  :' "  You  are  aware,  my  dear  William,  that  I 
have  already  had  an  opportunity  of  speaking  my  mind  to 
the  other  nations.  In  the  interest  of  our  work  for  peace 
I  would  recommend  to  you  this  exclusive  use  for  the 
spiked  helmet,  especially  in  Alsace  !  " 

From   Xcltclspaltcr    (Zurich) 


BIRDS   OF  A   FEATHER, — TEDDY   AND   THE   KAISEI 
From  the  Inquirer  (Philadelphia) 


SONS  OF  THE   WAR   GOD 

MARS  :  "  Bless  you,  rny  children." 

From  the  Spokesman-Rcvieic   (Spokane) 


SPEAKING   THROUGH    EUROPE 

From  Kladdcradatsch    (Berlin) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old   Europe 


215 


EMPEROR  WILLIAM  AND  COLONEL  ROOSEVELT  AT  DOBERITZ    OX   MAY   11 

(It  was  on  this  occasion  that  the  Emperor,  addressing  Colonel  Roosevelt,  said  :  "  My  friend,  it  is  my  great  delight  to 
welcome  you  in  the  presence  of  my  guards  and  my  army.  I  want  you  to  realize  that  you  are  the  first  private  citizen 
to  review-  German  troops."  Then  turning  to  the  assembled  officers,  he  said  :  "  Gentleman,  it  is  a  great  honor  for  us  to 
have  among  us  the  distinguished  Colonel  of  the  American  Rough  Riders.") 


Copyright  by  the  Ar 


sociation,  N.  Y. 


MH.  ROOSEVELT  WITH  AMBASSADORS  BACON  AND  JUSSERAXD  AND  OTHER  DISTINGUISHED 

MEN  AT  THE  TOMB  OF  NAPOLEON 


216 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Bin  liebef  Besuch. 


ftoofcoelte  tforfrag  in 

.'Sit  IJfltdifei)  6ee  Sargers  «in«  (tonfttluttonelUn  JRonordjU" 


,,3Hi)[orbs  unb  ffientlemen!  gtftens  f)ot  bie[et  Siirger  bas  ftoljf 
Setb[tbetDu&t(ein  ju  jeigen,  bas  tf)tn  [em  auf  bie  Sotfsoerttetung 
geltu^tes  petjonlicfjes  9?eif)t  oerlet^t,  bann  aber  aud)  jene  &ingabe 
ju  bemeifen,  bercn  nur  tin  ed)t  tonigstreues  ©emiit  fa^ig  i[t! 


THE    EX-PRESIDENT'S   MODESTY 
Do  not  forget,  gentlemen,  that  I  am  only  a  plain 
American  citizen." 
Prom  Ulk  (Berlin) 


Wanntjaft  mu&  et  [elbft  bem 

If) tone  gcgcnubermit Sonnet^ 

iDcrten    feine    inbioibuclle 

Weinung  oettteten  — 


anbeieifeits  mug  il;n  aber  aud) 
jenes  roatme  (Befutjl  fut  bas 
angeffammte  £>crr!d)ctb,aus  be-- 
feelen.baseine^fofgeeifdjeinung 
bet  3)emut  cor  ben  got! 
getootlten  ^Ibfjiingiglcitcn 
bat[tellt. 


«ls  Siirncr  eines  fon[titutio> 
nellen  Stdatcs  (oil  ei  fiorf;  ct 
f)oben  iibet  bem  (teinlidjen  55ei  • 
longen  nodE)  tjiiljeier  31n  = 
eitennung  [teh,n  — 


bodj  [oil  ei  irotgbem  ein 
55ta§d)en  auf  feinem,  jum 
anbeten  Icil  nionatd)i[rfj 
gefinnten  ^erjen  ftetfialten, 
too  ein  ftranj  begliiclenber 
CB^renjeidjen  unb  Dofotationen 
iebetjeit9iaumfinbet!  m.br. 


ROOSEVELT    AS    THE    "  WILD    HUNTER "    IN    THE 
.      ROYAL    GERMAN    PALACE— Prom  Ulk  (Berlin) 


ROOSEVELT'S  BERLIN  ADDRESS 

(A  German   humorous  view  of  Colonel   Roosevelt  making 
his  address  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  on  May  12.) 

Prom  Kladderadatsch   (Berlin) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


217 


THE   COLONEL'S   DASH   THROUGH   EUROPE 

"  Have  you  seen  him  passing  by?" 

From  the  Eayle   (Brooklyn) 


TELLING    HUNTER'S    TALES    IN    THE    WIGWAM    OX 
THE  SPREE 

ROOSEVELT  (to  Chancellor  Bethmann-Hollweg)  :  "  Pic 
ture  my  predicament,  my  dear  Bethmann-Hollweg ;  on  my 
right  an  alligator  was  preparing  to  rush  at  me  ;  on  my 
left  crouched  a  lion  ;  over  me  a  vulture  hovered,  and  un 
der  me  crawled  a  rattlesnake, — how  do  you  think  I  saved 
myself?  By  good  luck  I  had  with  me  a  newspaper  con 
taining  your  election  franchise  proposal.  I  read  it  aloud, 
and  the'  wild  beasts  promptly  turned  tail  and  fled  in  a 
panic.  I  was  saved!" — From  Jugend  (Munich) 


NOT   WORRYING    OVER   THE   VATICAN    INCIDENT 

ROOSEVELT  :  "  I  have  been  to  Rome,  and  have  not  seen 
the  Pope." 

From  Der  Floh  (Vienna) 

(This,  of  course,  is  in  no  way  expressive  of  Mr.  Roose 
velt's  feeling,  for  he  had  hoped  to  pay  his  respects  at  the 
Vatican.) 


BACK   TO    EUROPE    WITH    HIS   AFRICAN    SPOIL 
(The  view  of  Klafldcradatsch,  Berlin) 


218 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Norway,  and  from  Hungary  to  the 
British  Isles.  It  was  in  Paris,  on  the 
23d  of  April,  that  Mr.  Roosevelt  de 
livered  his  address  on  "  Citizenship 
in  a  Republic,"  as  had  been  planned 
long  in  advance.  From  Paris  the 
journey  was  continued,  by  way  of 
Belgium  and  Holland,  to  the  Scan 
dinavian  countries.  His  reception  in 
Holland  was  especially  hearty  be 
cause  of  his  own  Dutch  ancestry. 
At  Christiania,  following  visits  and 
royal  receptions  in  Copenhagen  and 
Stockholm,  he  made  an  address 


TEDDY'S  LAST  RESORT     (Mr.    Roosevelt   had   a    temporary    hoarseness   in    Germany) 

(In  order  not  to  run  the  risk  of  again  being  without  a  voice  through  strain  of  speech-making,  poor 
Roosevelt  will  have  to  rely  for  the  moment  upon  the  invention  of  another  gre4t  American — illiistrtotis*  Edison. 
For  a  premier  such  as  he  would  like  to  be.  this  hoarseness  is  a  great  bore.) 

From  Fischictto    (Turin) 


LONGED-FOR   LAURELS 

THE  KAISHR  :  "  Ah,  Teddy,  if  I  only  could  talk  as  you 
did  before  you  got  hoarse." 

From  Kladdcradatsch    (Berlin) 


TEDDY   IN  EUROPE 

"  The  critic  of  monarchs." 

Pram  Kladdcradatsch    (Berlin) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


219 


Copyright  by  Brown  Bros..  N.  Y 

FROM  A  SNAPSHOT  IX  EUROPE 


upon  world  peace,  in  recognition  of  his  hav 
ing  received  the  Xobel  Prize. 

The   death   of   King   Edward   of   England 

Mr..  ROOSEVELT  :  "  Mornin',  Brer  Terrapin  !  "  changed    his    plans     SOmewliat,    but     he     pro- 

CITY  TURTLE  :  "  Momin',  Colonel !  Guess  you  ain't  cceded  to  Berlin,  where  he  was  privately  re 
ceived  and  entertained  by  the  Kaiser,  in  com 
pany  with  whom  he  reviewed  a  body  of 


THE   "  FREEDOM  "   OF  THE   CITY 


goin'  to  lie  low  and  say  nuffin?" 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  :  "  Well,  what  do  you  think?  " 


From  Punch   (London) 


NOT    TAKING    ANY    CHANCES 

(In  advance  of  the  great  hunter's  arrival   in  England,   the   public  statuary   has   been   surrounded   by   guards 

and  duly  labeled  "  Not  to  be  Shot !  ") 
From  Punch    (London) 


220 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


German  troops,  and  where  on  May 
12  (the  Emperor  attending)  he 
addressed  the  University  of  Ber 
lin  on  "  The  World  Movement." 
In  the  meanwhile,  President 
Taft  had  notified  him  by  cable  of 
his  appointment  as  a  special  am- 


THE   CAMEL   AND   THE   EYE   OF   A   NEEDLE— From  the   Daily  Dispatch    (London) 
TEDDY    (to  John  Bull)  :    "You'll   never  coax  him    with  that  soft  stuff.     Take  a  stick  to  him." 

bassador  to  England  to  represent  the  United  States  at  the  funeral  of  King  Edward.  He 
arrived  in  London  on  May  16,  and  his  ambassadorial  rank,  together  with  his  own  pres 
tige,  made  him  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  of  the  personages  who  were  in  official  attend 
ance  at  the  royal  funeral.  A  few  days  later  he  received  a  degree  at  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  and  on  May  31  he  was  granted  the  freedom  of  the  city  of  London,  making  an 
address  in  the  Guildhall,  in  which  he  discussed  especially  England's  status  in  Egypt. 


THE  BISHOP  BIRD  :  "  Won't  you  come  arid  have  a 

shot  at  us?" 
From  the  Westminster  Gazette   (London) 


JOHN    BULL    AND    HIS    TEDDY    BEAR 
From  the   Westminster  Gazette   (London) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


221 


THE    WISDOM    OF    THE    WEST 

From  Punch    (London) 


222 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


••  ENGLAND,   AWAKE  !  " 
From  the  World  (New  York) 


MOSES   IN  THE    (JOHN)    BULL  RUSHES 

(A  new  law-giver  appears  in  the  land  of  Egypt.) 

From  Le  Rire   (Paris) 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST 
From  the  Sun  (Baltimore) 


JOHN   BULL   FROM   MR.    ROOSEVELT'S    POINT   OF 

VIEW 
From  the  Morning  Leader  (London) 


MULTUM    EX    PARVO 

FILIPINO  (reading  Mr.  Roosevelt  on  the  proper  manage 
ment  of  Egypt)  :  "Splendid!  There's  nothing  he  don't 
know  about  empire  !  And  to  think  that  he  picked  it  all 
up  from  me  !  " 

("  I  advise  you  only  in  accordance  with  the  principles 
on  which  I  have  myself  acted  in  dealing  with  the  Philip 
pines." — Mr.  Roosevelt  at  the  Guildhall.) 

From  Punch   (London) 


Strenuously  Visiting  Old  Europe 


223 


JOHX   BULL'S    PARTING    HANDSHAKE 
From  tlje  Inquirer  (Philadelphia) 

His  endorsement  of  a  firm  policy  on  the 
part  of  the  British  Government  in  the  land 
of  the  Nile  became  a  matter  of  world-wide 
comment  and  argument.  The  British  Prime 
Minister,  some  time  after  Mr.  Roosevelt's 


BOTH  HANDS;  FULL      '£  . 

(After  the  much-discussed  Guildhall  speech,   for  which 
Colonel    Roosevelt   received   both   praise   and   t>lame. ) 
From  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn)' 


departure  for  America,  commended  the  speech  on  the  floor  of  Parliament ;  and  it  produced 
a  visible  effect  upon  public  opinion  as  regards  England's  mission  in  Egypt  and  our  own 
in  the  Philippines.  On  June  7,  at  the  University  of  Oxford,  he  delivered  the  Romanes 
lecture,  which  was  the  primary  occasion  of  his  visit  to  England,  his  subject  being  ;"  Bio 
logical  Analogies  in  History."  A,  day  or  two  later  he  set  sail  for  New  York. 


SAYING    GOOD-BYE    TO    EUROPE 

"  For  he's  a  jolly  good  fellow  !  " 
From   the   Post-Intelligencer    (Seattle) 


224 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


EX-PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT  AND  MAYOR  GAYNOR  OF  NEW  YORK  CITY 

(As  they  appeared  on  the  occasion  of  the  Mayor's  greeting  to  the  returning   traveler  at  the  official  reception, 

June  18,  1910,  at  the  Battery.) 


CHAPTER  XXVIII 

His  Home-Coming  and  Welcome 


HOMEWARD  BOUND 
"  This  is  my  own,  my  native  land  " 
From  the   Times-Star   (Cincinnati) 

IN  Europe  the  plain  people  had  received 
Roosevelt  gladly  everywhere.    The  Eu 
ropean    enemies    of   America    have    al 
ways  been  among  the  rulers  and  privileged 
classes.     The   United    States   has   meant   to 
the  workman  and  the  peasant  of  Europe  the 


land  of  opportunity  and 
of  promise,  and  Roose 
velt's  name  had  become 
familiar  as  that  of  the 
man  typifying  the  best 
things  in  the  life  of  the 
American  people. 

The  European  press 
had  received  Roosevelt 
with  interest,  curiosity, 
and  expressions  of 
amusement  more  or  less 
polite.  His  address  at 
the  Guildhall,  which 
was  admirable  in  form 
and  spirit,  quite  shocked 
the  British  newspapers 
because  it  was  the  con 
ventional  British  thing 
to  appear  shocked.  In 
reality,  nobody  was  in 
the  smallest  degree  per 
turbed  or  offended. 


OLD    EUROPE    RESTING    AT    LAST: 
From  the  Inquirer  (Philadelphia) 


I    CAN'T    SEE    HIM,    BUT    I    THINK    I    CAN    HEAR 
HIM  -'  " 

From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


226 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


UNCLE  SAM'S  TURN  NEXT! 


IN  PASSING 

(Colonel  Roosevelt,  on  the  homeward  voyage,  takes  ad 
vantage  of  the  opportunity  to  deliver  a  lecture  to  old 
Neptune  on  "  How  to  Run  the  Ocean.") 

From  the  American  (New  York) 


MY  COUNTRY,  'TIS  OF  THEE  ! 
From  the  Sun  (Baltimore) 


SIGHTED  ! 
From  the  Evening  World  (New  York) 


RELIEF   IN    SIGHT 
From  the  Herald  (Washington) 


AWAITING   THE    TRAVELER'S   RETURN 
From  the  Post  (Pittsburg) 


His  Home- Coming  and  Welcome 


227 


XKW  YORK  TO  MR.  ROOSEVELT:   "Good-morning,   Colonel !  "—From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,   X.   Y.) 


RELIEF  ! 
From  the  Dai/j/  JVctt-s   (Chicago) 


WONDER   WHAT  THEY  ARE   LOOKING  FOR? 
From  the  Inquirer  (Philadelphia) 


228 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


DELIGHTED  ! 
From  the  Journal  (Minneapolis) 


BACK   FROM   ELBA 
From  the  News-Scimitar  (Memphis) 


But  much  more  important  than  Europe's  casual  impressions,  and  the  comments  of 
the  European  press,  was  the  sort  of  effect  upon  the  state  of  mind  of  his  own  countrymen 
that  Mr.  Roosevelt's  return  was  destined  to  produce.  His  last  year  in  the  White  House 
had  been  difficult,  and  many  of  the  newspapers  had  been  harsh  in  their  criticisms.  The 
President  is  a  man  of  great  power  by  virtue  of  the  bearings  his  office  has  upon  the  for 
tunes  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  men  who  are  of  some  consequence  in  their  own  com 
munities.  When  Mr.  Roosevelt  refused  another  term  and  his  successor  was  duly  elected 
people  began  to  think  of  the  man  who  was  coming  into  power  and  who  was  already  choos 
ing  his  official  associates,  rather  than  of  the  man  who  was  not  only  laying  down  the 


THE  UNITED  STATES  WILL  PLEASE  COME  TO 
ORDER ! 

From  the  Herald  (Washington) 


INSURGENT  AND  REGULAR,  BOTH  :  "  You  wait  till  Roose 
velt  gets  here  ;  he'll  fix  you  !  " 

From  the  Orcgonian  (Portland) 


His  Home-Coming  and  Welcome 


229 


UNCLE   SAM'S   "WELCOME  HOME"   TO   ROOSEVELT 
(Homer  Davenport  in  New  York  Evening  Mail) 


230 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


Prom  the  Eagle  (Brooklyn) 

sceptre  of  rule,  but  who  was  also  going  into 
a  voluntary  exile,  banishing  himself  to  the 
heart  of  Africa,  in  order  that  there  might  be 
no  man  able  to  say  that  Roosevelt  out  of 
office  was  still  trying  to  order  the  affairs  of 
the  country. 

There  was  widespread  interest  in  his 
African  movements,  but  only  scanty  news. 
Not  one  word  of  authorized  interview,  or  of 
comment  upon  American  affairs  or  his  own 
intentions,  did  Mr.  Roosevelt  utter  during  his 
entire  absence.  Many  business  men  through 
out  the  country,  led  by  Wall  Street,  had  ex- 


pressed  themselves, 
with  rather  brutal 
frankness,  as  happy  to 
have  Mr.  Roosevelt  go 
to  Africa.  They  were 
eager  to  enter  upon  the 
expected  years  of  calm 
ness  and  unruffled  busi 
ness  prosperity  that 
were  sure  to  come  with 
the  wise  and  steady  ad 
ministration  of  Taft, 
succeeding  the  head 
strong  and  turbulent 
years  of  the  Rough 
Rider  in  leadership  of 
the  nation. 

It  is  not  the  Presi 
dent  alone,  however, 
who  makes  our  polit- 
i  c  a  1  and  financial 
weather.  Mr.  Taft's 
first  year  wras  stormier 
than  any  one  of  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  seven  and  a 
half  years.  This  was 
for  many  reasons  ;  some 
of  which  wrere  subject 
to  Mr.  Taft's  control. 
Many  of  them,  how 
ever,  were  beyond  his 
power. 

It  happened,  never 
theless,  that  just  as 
Wall  Street  and  the 
people  whose  state  of 


MUTUAL  GREETING 
From  the  Times-Star  (Cincinnati) 


His  Home- Coming  and  Welcome 


Copyright,  1910,  by  P.  1-.  Collier  &  Son 

"HURRAH    FOR    TEDDY!" 

(The   welcome   awaiting  him   at   the   hands   of    the   people.) 
From  Collier's  Weekly 

mind   is  determined   by   the   business   barometers   had  formed   the  habit  of  abusing   Mr. 
Roosevelt  with  extreme  exaggeration,  even  so  had  they  in  one  short  year  begun  to  abuse 
Mr.  Taft  quite  as  unsparingly.    And  since  Mr.  Taft  was  the  man  at  the  helm,  it  was  easy 
enough  to  forget  the  other  man's  faults  and  to  wish  that  he  were  steering  the  ship  again. 
And  so  a  good  many  of  the  men  who  had  been  willing  to  have  Roosevelt  exile  him 
self,  but  who  had  not  been  willing  in  March, 
1909,  to  go  down  the  harbor  to  bid  him  God- 


\ 


THE   NON-PARTISAN    RECEPTION 

(In   accordance   with   Colonel   Roosevelt's   wishes,   his   re 
ception    was    entirely    non-partisan. ) 
From  the  Record  (Philadelphia ) 


HOME   AGAIN  ! 
From  the  World   (New  York) 


232 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


HIS    PROGRESS    HOMEWARD 


SWAMPING  THE  COLONEL! 
From  the  Press  (New  York) 


speed,  were  quite  elated  to  find  themselves 
appointed  to  serve  on  the  large  reception 
committee  of  June,  1910;  and  down  the  har 
bor  they  cheerfully  went,  to  welcome  Mr. 
Roosevelt  back  home  with  effusion,  if  not 
with  life-long  affection. 

The  country  as  a  whole,  however,  wel 
comed  him  home  with  an  enthusiasm  and  a 
devotion  that  were  sincere  beyond  any 
doubt.  He  was  greeted  with  an  applause 
that  rang  true  in  every  State  and  Territory. 
Nothing  of  its  kind  so  impressive  had  ever 
been  seen  in  New  York  as  the  crowds  that 
lined  the  route  of  his  drive  from  the  Battery 
up  Broadway  to  Central  Park  at  high  noon 
of  June  18,  1910. 

It  would  be  easy  to  make  up  a  volume  of 
the  clever  and  amusing  cartoons  drawn  for 
the  American  newspapers  in  the  few  days 
just  before  and  just  after  Mr.  Roosevelt's 


TAKING    ON    THE    PILOT 
From  Collier's  Weekly 


His  Home-Coming  and  Welcome 


233 


From  Collier's   Weekly 


arrival.  We  have  selected  a  few  of  these,  in 
order  to  give  some  impression  of  the  spirit 
and  character  of  the  country's  greeting.  It 
was  deeply  gratifying  to  Mr.  Roosevelt  to  be 
welcomed  home  with  such  heartiness;  and 
the  little  speech  he  made,  in  response  to 
Mayor  Gaynor's  formal  but  kindly  words 
of  welcome,  must  be  recorded  in  these  pages 
as  belonging  to  our  condensed  chronicle  of 
Roosevelt's  career.  The  speech  in  full  was 
as  follows : 

I  thank  you,  Mayor  Gaynor.  Through  you  I  thank 
your  committee,  and  through  them  I  wish  to  thank 
the  American  people  for  their  greeting.  I  need 
hardly  say  I  am  most  deeply  moved  by  the  reception 
given  me.  No  man  could  receive  such  a  greeting 


Copyright,  1910,  by  Harper  &  Brothers 

"  MY  BOY  !  " 

(Uncle  Sam's  welcome  to  ex-President  Roosevelt.) 
From  Harper's  Weekly 


Drtwit  »>  F  d  Caopt- 

THE   RETURN   FROM   ELBA 
From  Collier's  Weekly 


UNCLE  SAM  :  "  How's  the  boy?  " 
From  the  Inquirer  (Philadelphia) 


234 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PATHER  KNICKERBOCKER  :  "  Come  to  my  arms,  my  beamish  boy  : 
Prom  the  World   (New  York) 


without  being  made  to  feel  both 
very  proud  and  very  humble. 

I  have  been  away  a  year  and  a 
quarter  from  America,  and  I  have 
seen  strange  and  interesting  things 
alike  in  the  heart  of  the  frowning 
wilderness  and  in  the  capitals  of  the 
mightiest  and  most  highly  polished 
of  civilized  nations.  I  have  thor 
oughly  enjoyed  myself,  and  now  I 
am  more  glad  than  I  can  say  to  get 
home,  to  be  back  in  my  own  country, 
back  among  the  people  I  love. 

And  I  am  ready  and  eager  to  do 
my  part,  so  far  as  I  am  able,  in  help 
ing  solve  problems  which  must  be 
solved  if  we  of  this  the  greatest 
democratic  Republic  upon  which  the 
sun  has  ever  shone  are  to  see  its 
destinies  rise  to  the  high  level  of  our 
hopes  and  its  opportunities. 

This  is  the  duty  of  every  citizen, 
but  it  is  peculiarly  my  duty;  for  any 
man  who  has  ever  been  honored  by 
being  made  President  of  the  United 
States  is  thereby  forever  after  ren 
dered  the  debtor  of  the  American 
people,  and  is  bound  throughout  his 
life  to  remember  this  as  his  prime  ob 
ligation,  and  in  private  life  as  much 
as  in  public  life,  so  to  carry  himself 
that  the  American  people  may  never 
have  cause  to  feel  regret  that  once 
they  placed  him  at  their  head. 


On  the  following  page  is  a  picture  of  Mr.  Roosevelt  in  the  act  of  uttering  these  ap 
propriate  words.  The  meaning  of  the  statement  was  clear  beyond  a  doubt.  Mr.  Roose 
velt  meant  as  ex-President  to  serve  his  country  as  best  he  could,  doing  everything  in  his 
power  to  promote  progress  and  justice,  without  seeking  anything  for  himself. 


UNCLE  SAM  :  "  Just  as  I  expected,  Teddy  !  Associating 
with  Emperors  and  Kings  hasn't  changed  you  one  par 
ticle  !" — Prom  the  Press  (New  York) 


EN   ROUTE   AGAIN 
From  the   World   (New   York) 


His  Home- Coming  and  Welcome 


235 


Photograph  by  the  American  1'icss  Assu 

MR.  ROOSEVELT  RESPONDING  TO  MAYOR  GAYNOR'S  ADDRESS 


Photograph  by  Brown  Bros. 

THE   WELCOMING   CROWDS   ON  FIFTH  AVENUE,    NEW  YORK,  JUNE   IS,   1010 


236 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


WHEN  TEDDY  COMES  MARCHING  HOME 

From  the  Journal   (Detroit) 


NEW   YORK    AT    LAST! 
From  the  Jersey  Journal   (Jersey  City) 


UNCLE  SAM  :  "  We  were  wondering  what  to  do  with  you. 
T.  R.  :  "  Leave  that  to  me !  " — Philadelphia  Press. 


His  Home- Coming  and  Welcome 


237 


Photograph  by  Brown  Bros. 


THE  ROUGH  RIDERS  GREETING  THEIR  COLONEL 


HIS  GREATEST   HONOR 


(Roosevelt's    enthusiastic    reception    on    landing    at    New 

York. ) 
From  the  Herald  (Boston) 


Photograph  by  the  American  Press  Assn. 

RECOGNIZING  FRIENDS  EN  ROUTE 


238 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


HOME  AGAIN  ! 

From  the  Evening  Neivs  (Newark) 


Copyright  by  the  American  Press  Association,  N.  Y. 

SAGAMORE  HILL,  MR.  ROOSEVELT'S  HOME,  AS  IT  WAS  IN  THE    SUMMER  OF  1910 


CHAPTER  XXIX 

An  Ex-President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


n  50 


THE  FAITH  OF  THE  COMMON  PEOPLE 

"  Now    that   Roosevelt    is   home   again,    every 
thing  will  be  all  right." 
From   the  North  American    (Philadelphia) 


FOR  ex-Presidents  there  is  no  es 
tablished  code  of  duty  or  of  eti 
quette.  It  has  come  to  be  well 
understood  that  a  Vice-President  should 
be  dignified,  without  seeming  to  be  as 
piring  or  expectant,  and  without  allow 
ing  himself  to  be  influential.  What  ex- 
Presidents,  however,  ought  to  do,  be 
sides  remembering  that  they  are  to  set 
an  example  of  dignity  and  of  unselfish 
devotion  to  country,  is  a  question  that 
has  always  been  debated  but  never 
conclusively  answered. 

There  are  those  who  would  make  our 
ex-Presidents   Senators  for  life.     There 


GOODNESS!      CAN    THIS    BE    THE    ORIGINAL    BIG 
STICK? 

From  tho  Oregonian  (Portland) 


240 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


"Ye  gods — what  a  change!" 


"Suffering  snakes — is  that  my  old  home?' 


'You're  not  the  little  chap  I  knew  a  year  ago" 


Why,  Uncle  Joe,  how  you  have  shrunk ! 


"  My  old  puddin'  chummy  " 


"And  I  left  it  a  flourishing  Institution 


THEODORE    IN    WONDERLAND     (A    YEAR'S    CHANGES) 
From  Collier's  Weekly  (New  York) 


An  Ex- President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


I  WILL  KEEP  , 
SIIENT  FOR 
TWO  MONTHS 


HIS  FORMER  MASTER'S  VOICE 
From  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Paul) 


IS    IT    POSSIBLE? 

(In  response  to  numerous  questions,  Mr.  Roosevelt  an 
nounced  on   returning  from  abroad   that   he   would   have 
nothing  to  say  on  political  subjects  for  two  months.) 
From  the  Press  (Philadelphia) 

are  others  who  would  not  permit  them  to 
hold  any  kind  of  public  office.  John  Quincy 
Adams,  after  leaving  the  White  House,  in 
1829,  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Represen- 


JUST   A   CASE    OF    NERVES 
From   the  Herald    (Washington) 


BACK  ON  THE  JOB   AGAIN 
From  the  Traveler  ( Boston ) 


ROOSEVELT    (to  Uncle    Sam):    "Come,    little   boy,    and 
take  your  medicine." 

From  Judge 


242 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


PRESIDENT  TAFT  TO  COLONEL  ROOSEVELT  :  "  I,  too,  have 
not  been  idle."  (Mr.  Taft  presents  his  little  bills, — 
Railroad,  Statehood,  Postal-Savings  Banks  and  Conserva 
tion.) 

From  the  Record-Herald   (Chicago) 


than  two  years  after  his  retirement  in  1885. 
President  Hayes  retired  to  his  country 
home  in  Ohio,  in  1881,  after  four  years  in 
the  White  House,  and  died  in  1893.  He 
was  highly  useful,  for  twelve  years,  in 
many  causes  of  philanthropy  and  edu 
cation. 

General  Grant  was  an  ex-President  for 
eight  years,  and  most  of  that  period  was 
actively  spent  in  a  blaze  of  publicity. 
His  tour  around  the  world  occupied  more 
than  two  years,  from  May  17,  1877,  to 
November  12,  1879.  He  was  received 
with  the  highest  honors  in  all  the  coun 
tries  he  visited.  In  the  years  immediate 
ly  following-  he  visited  Mexico  and  Cuba, 
and  was  a  United  States  commissioner  to 
make  a  commercial  treaty  with  Mexico. 
In  1880  he  was  again  a  candidate  for  the 
Presidency,  his  name  holding  together  a 
large  body  of  delegates  through  thirty-six 


tatives,  where  he  served 
for  eighteen  years, — until 
his  death, — as  a  conten 
tious  and  eloquent  mem 
ber  of  Congress. 

President  Cleveland 
was  sixty  years  old  when 
he  left  the  White  House 
in  1897,  and  he  died  at  the 
age  of  seventy-one.  His 
quiet  and  consistent  life 
at  Princeton  was  not 
without  its  relation  to 
public  opinion  and  the 
country's  affairs;  but  his 
health  was  not  vigorous, 
and  his  life  as  an  ex-Presi 
dent  was  private  rather 
than  public. 

President  Harrison 
practiced  law  and  wrote 
an  excellent  book  on  con 
stitutional  government  in 
the  short  period  of  life  re 
maining  to  him  after  leav 
ing  office  in  1893.  Presi 
dent  Arthur  lived  less 


THE  BW.UNGER-PINGHOTRFFRIR? 


THE  13\Z  PRt SVDtNTlfU.  R(\CE 


THE\R 


PROWESS  Of  WEVR  COLl£C,E.5 


T.   R.    HAD  A   PRIVATE   INTERVIEW   WITH    PRESIDENT   TAFT. 
WAS   THE   SUBJECT  OF   CONVERSATION? 

From    the    Spokesman-Review    (Spokane) 


WHAT 


An  Ex-President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


243 


THE   ACCOUNTING 

T.  R.  TO  TAFT:   "Well,   bow  did  this  happeu?     What  I" 
From  the  Sun   (Baltimore) 


IF    FEET   HAD    EARS    (Mr.    Roosevelt   visits    President 

Taft  at  Beverly) 
From  the  Ohio   State  Journal    (Columbus) 


ballots.  In  the  period  of  illness  before  his  death,  he  wrote  his  memoirs,  without  dreaming 
of  the  importance  of  this  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  Civil  War  and  of  his  own 
career. 

Of  the  earlier  ex-Presidents,  Jefferson  was  by  far  the  most  influential.  He  retired 
from  the  Presidency  in  March,  1809,  and  died  July  4,  1826.  His  seventeen  years  of- re 
tirement  were  spent,  for  the  most  part,  at  his  Virginia  home,  Monticello ;  but  he  was 
during  all  that  time  the  real  head  of  the  great  political  party  to  which  he  belonged,  and 
his  relation  to  public  affairs  was  constant  and  important.  In  this  period  of  retirement, 
also  he  founded  and  created  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  produced  much  that  appears 
in  his  collected  \vritinp-s. 


THERE'S  ONLY  A  LITTLE  DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN  THEM 
From   the   Meddler    (Cincinnati) 


244 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


"  I'VE  GOT  TO  SEE  HIM  !  " 
From  the  Evening  News   (Newark) 

By    a    strange    coincidence,    ex-President 
John  Adams  (father  of  John  Quincy  Adams) 
THE  SICK  REPUBLICAN  ELEPHANT  :  "  Dollars  to  dough-      died  on  the  same  day  as  Jefferson.     He  had 
nuts  that's  Oyster  Bay!    Wonder  if  I'll  be  allowed  to      been  an  ex-President  for  twenty-five  years, 

land  ?     I'd  like  to  get  a  few  words  of  comfort  from  the  .  •  ,    i  ,     r 

doctor."  and  his  almost  complete   withdrawal   from 

public     affairs     was     in     marked     contrast 


From  Collier's  Weekly  (New  York) 


HURRY,    DOCTOR! 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn) 


THINGS  HAVEN'T  BEEN  THE  SAME,  THEODORE  '.  " 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


An  Ex- President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


245 


THE   PEACEMAKER 
"  Gitche   Manito,   the   mighty, 
Calls   the   tribes   of    men    together, 
Calls  the  warriors  to  his  council 
By  the  signal  of  the  peace-pipe." 

(Apropos    of    Colonel    Roosevelt's    numerous    visitors, 
from  all  factions  of  the  Republican  party.) 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn) 


THE  COLONEL  AND  HIS  BOOKS 

(Theodore  Roosevelt  held  conferences  to-day  with  State 
Senator  Cobb,  Congressman  Parsons,  and  other  politicians. 
After  his  visitors  left  Colonel  Roosevelt  said :  "  We  have 
had  some  very  interesting  talks  on  literature." — Dispatch 
from  Veic  York.) 

From  the  Sun  (Baltimore) 


with  Jefferson's  varied  and  vital  activities. 

President  Jackson,   after  his   eight  years 

in  the  White   House,  imitated  Washington 


ALL  ROADS  LEAD  TO  OYSTER  BAY 
From  the  Journal   (Minneapolis) 


246 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


in  the  issuing  of  a  farewell  address  to  the 
nation,  and  retired  to  his  home  called  the 
Hermitage,  near  Nashville,  Tenn.  Like  Mr. 
Roosevelt,  he  had  influence  enough  to  select, 
nominate,  and  help  elect  his  successor;  and 
he  remained  an  influential  public  personage 
during  the  remaining  eight  years  of  his  life. 
An  exceedingly  active  and  untiring  ex- 


THE     ANNOUNCEMENT     AND     ITS     EFFECT 

Colonel  Roosevelt  is  to  make  a  speech   in  the   Indiana 

campaign. — News    item   from    the    Tribune,    (South   Bend) 


"  WELT 


WHAT   ARE   YOU   BOYS   HANGING   AROUND   FOR? 
From  the  Leader  (Cleveland) 


"  WE'VE  BEEN  TO  OYSTER  BAY 

O.K.  !      O.K.  !      O.K.  !  " 
From  the  Plain  Dealer  (Cleveland) 


President  was  Jackson's 
successor,  Martin  Van 
Buren.  He  was  Presi 
dent  from  1837  to  1841,— 
running  for  a  second  term 
in  1840  but  beaten  by 
William  Henry  Harrison, 
of  the  opposing  party. 
Four  years  later,  in  1844, 
Van  Buren  was  again  a 
candidate  before  the 
Democratic  convention, 
where  he  had  a  clear  ma 
jority  of  the  delegates  but 
was  unable,  on  account  of 
the  "  two-thirds  rule,"  to 
win  the  nomination.  He 
had  opposed  the  annexa 
tion  of  Texas,  and  the 
Southern  Democrats 


An  Ex-President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


247 


©u£ 

TJi*       '   /i-^4r  1't 


ANOTHER    DARING    FLIGHT? 

From   the   Leader    (Cleveland) 


THE    JUDGMENT    OF    A    SOLOMON 
From    the   World-Herald    (Omaha) 


nominated  and  elected  James  K.  Polk  against  Henry  Clay-  By  1848,  ex-President  Van 
Buren  had  gone  over  to  the  Free  Soil  movement,  and  was  the  Presidential  nominee  of 
the  new  party.  His  candidacy  won  no  electoral  votes,  but  it  defeated  the  Democrats  and 
put  the  Whigs  into  power.  He  was  an  active  supporter  of  Pierce  in  1852,  of  Buchanan 
in  1856,  and  stood  with  his  party  against  Lincoln  in  1860.  But  he  became  a  War  Demo 
crat,  supporting  Lincoln's  policies  until  his  own  death  in  1862,  at  his  country  home  near 
Kinderhook,  New  York. 

However  men   may  differ  as  to  the   public   uses  to   make  of  an   ex-President,   most 


KEEPING    THE    OLD    ELEPHANT    WORRIED 
From  the  Picayune  (New  Orleans* 


WHICH    WAY? 
From   the  Record    (Fort  Worth) 


248 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Carreer 


1  THE 

OUTLOOK 


men  of  thought  and 
experience  would  agree 
that  there  ought  to  be 
some  salary  or  pension 
granted  him, — as  to  a 
retired  judge, — until 
his  death.  Mr.  Monroe 
and  General  Grant 
were  not  the  only  ex- 
Presidents  whose  last 
days  were  more  or  less 
clouded  by  financial 
difficulties.  Mr.  Roose 
velt,  returning  to  the 
plaudits  and  greetings 
of  a  friendly  nation, 
was  subject  to  extraor 
dinary  expenditures  by 
reason  of  those  numer 
ous  demands  of  hos 
pitality,  correspondence,  travel,  and  the  like,  that  a  public  man  cannot  evade. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  had  agreed,  before  going  abroad,  to  make  use  of  a  room  in  the  edi 
torial  offices  of  the  Outlook,  a  weekly  family  paper  published  in  New  York,  and  to  con 
tribute  to  the  paper  as  he  might  be  able.  He  had  also  to  put  his  new  book  through  the 
press,  and  to  prepare  the  speeches  which  he  had  agreed  to  make  at  the  John  Brown  cele 
bration  in  Kansas,  the  Conservation  Congress  at  St.  Paul,  and  on  other  occasions,  at  the 
end  of  August  and  in  the  months  of  September  and  October. 


AS   IT   WAS  AS    IT    MAY    BE 

From  the  Spokesman  Review    (Spokane) 


RESTING 
From  the  Traveler  (Boston) 


THE    STRENUOUS    CONTRIBUTOR 
From  the  Inter-Ocean   (Chicago) 


An  Ex-President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


249 


1H«   HILL   VE5TERCA.Y     HE  ^s  ALL. 

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twt  THE  COL    BOT  t  AM  Wit  LING  TO  AOMfT. 

If    «M.O  P«l»»E0.1HATTrt«  COL.  HA9 
MIS  SuPfORT,*  &W»  Trit 


M  TO  3^^  ^^T 
THS  CQC.  HAD  PROMISE 


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.  MOSSSACK.  Of  THE 
I  DOWN 


TALK  TOR  PUBLICAflCN  ^  TOtB  A 

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*M  HI&  SUPPORT. 


ARE    YOU    GLOOMY?     VISIT   SAGAMORE    HILL   AND 

CHEER   UP 
Prom  the  Press   (New  York) 

He  had  gone  to  Harvard  College  at  com 
mencement  time,  where  he  had  met  Gov 
ernor  Hughes  of  New  York  and  paid  his 
respects  to  President  Taft,  who  was  sum- 


SENATOR  BEVERIDGE  WILL  HAVE  A  GOOD 

STARTER 

(Colonel  Roosevelt  is  to  speak  in   Indiana) 
From  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Poul) 

mering  at  Beverly,  Mass.  Meanwhile, 
except  for  a  few  hours  a  week  at  the  Out 
look  office,  he  was  at  home  at  Sagamore 
Hill,  where  many  public  men  from  dif 
ferent  parts  of  the  country  called  upon 


HUGHES    GETS    T.    R.'S    "  O.    K."       WILL    HE    ALSO      THE   SKY-LINE  OF   OYSTER  BAY   WHEN   GOVERNOR 

LABEL   TAFT?  HUGHES   APPEARED 

From  the  World   (New  York)  From  the  Press   (New  York) 


250 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


THE   BRONCO   BUSTER 
From   the   World    (New   York) 


BATING  OUT  OF  HIS  HAND 
From  the   World    (New  York) 


him,  and  where  it  was  believed  by  the  newspapers  and  the  cartoonists  that  he  was  much 
interested  in  hearing  about  the  political  affairs  of  the  State  of  New  York  and  the  strain 
in  the  Republican  party  between  the  regulars  and  the  so-called  "  insurgents  "  or  "  pro 
gressives." 

It  was  known  that  he  would  visit   Indiana  to  make  a  speech   on   behalf  of  the   re 
election  of  Senator  Beveridge,  and  this  was  regarded  as  an  indorsement  of  the  "  progres- 


HARD   TO   TUNE 
From  the  Evening  News   (Newark) 


HUNTING   A   CANDIDATE 
From  the  Record   (Philadelphia) 


An  Ex- President  in  His  Active  Retirement 


251 


vwra    . 

JL^ljfcr 


INCOGNITO  ! 


SENATOR   CUMMINS'    NEW   PARTY 
(Referring  to  Colonel  Roosevelt's  visit  to  the  coal  mines  (Apropos  of  a  proposal  attributed  to  Senator  Cummins 

of  the  anthracite  region  in  Pennsylvania  in  the  early  part        on  account  of  a  statement  made  in  the  Des  Moines  News.. 
of  August)  which  Is  supposed  to  be  the  Senator's  personal  organ) 

From  the  American  (New  York)  From  the  Inter-Ocean   (Chicago) 

sives."  It  was  also  known  that  he  would  make  a  speech  on  behalf  of  Senator  Lodge's  re 
election  in  Massachusetts,  and  this  was  said  to  be  a  matter  of  personal  friendship  rather 
than  of  championship  of  the  New  England 
junta  of  high-tariff  Senators. 

Unquestionably,  Mr.  Roosevelt's  general 
sympathies  were  with  progressive  move 
ments  in  the  Republican  party.  At  the  mo 
ment  when  Governor  Hughes  had  called  a 


^TJT^YT^ 

,•.  .-AABOtt  /.;      W">V_I    OHIO 

&H*T"  /  /W^-wwS 
''o^yfr  _.  •i-t">°  " n  .     *n^^_ 

'ti.i.U' 


A    MODERN    TOWER    OF    BABEL 
From  the  Herald   (New  York) 


MAKING   IMPROVEMENTS  ! 
From  the  Eagle   (Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 


252 


A  Cartoon  History  of  Roosevelt's  Career 


LIONIZATION— SPECULATION— PERTURBATION.— From  florper's  Weekly  (New  York) 
THE  LION  ;  "  I  wish  I  knew  what  you  are  going  to  do  with   me." 
T.  R.  (thoughtfully)  :  "  So  do  I."    CHORUS  FROM  WINDOW  :      "  So  do  we." 


WHAT  TO   DO   WITH   THE   BOY 
From  the  Leader   (Cleveland) 


-  RETIRE    ME !      WHY,     I'VE     JUST     BEGUN ! 

I'M  ONLY  50." 
From  the  Record-Herald  (Chicago) 

special  session  of  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture,  Mr.  Roosevelt  at  the  Governor's  re 
quest  had  declared  himself  in  favor  of  the 
Governor's  bill  for  primary  elections.  In 
the  preliminary  plans  for  the  New  York 


An  Ex-President  in  His  Active  Retirement 

State  convention,  and 
in  the  discussion  of 
possible  candidates  for 
the  Governorship,  Mr. 
Roosevelt's  influence 
was  undoubtedly 
against  the  further  con 
trol  of  the  so-called 
"  machine  "  or  "  Old 
Guard,"  and  in  favor 
of  Republican  progress 
as  it  had  been  exempli 
fied  by  men  of  the  type 
of  Governor  Hughes. 

And  it  was  well 
known  in  advance  that 
this  spirit  would  be  ex 
pressed  in  the  speech  to 
be  delivered  at  Ossa- 
watomie,  Kansas,  on  the  last  day  of  August.  It  had  become  evident  that  Mr.  Roosevelt 
was  to  be  highly  active,  and  to  regard  the  ex-Presidency  as  a  post  of  public  duty.  It  was 
also  clear  that  the  cartoonists  would  find  it  necessary  to  keep  him  under  continued  ob 
servation,  and  that  a  record  like  this  which  had  been  prepared  with  some  historical  per 
spective  must  needs  end  abruptly,  or  else  be  continued  in  daily  postscripts. 


PKESIDENT   TAFT,   TO   MR.    ROOSEVELT  :     "  Quit   your     crowding." 
From  the  Sun    (Baltimore) 


"  BOY  !  THERE'S  NOTHING  LIKE  HIM  IN  HISTORY  " 
Prom  the  Pioneer  Press  (St.  Paul) 


From  the  World  (New  York  i 


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